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bio > Unit 2- Principles of Ecology > Flashcards

Unit 2- Principles of Ecology Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

population density

A

total number of individuals living in a specific area

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2
Q

immigration

A

organisms that move into a population

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3
Q

emigration

A

organisms that move out of a population

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4
Q

mortality

A

death rate

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5
Q

natality

A

birth rate

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6
Q

exponential growth

A

amount of time it takes for population to double in size

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7
Q

R- selected species

A

many babies for survival, little parent care (insects, plants)

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8
Q

K - selected species

A

few babies, parental care (humans, large animals)

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9
Q

Biotic potential

A

the rate which a population could grow if nothing was holding it back (no limits)

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10
Q

carrying capacity

A

maximum number of individuals of a population that a environment can sustain (has limits)

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11
Q

density dependent control

A

factors that come into effect with population size (populations grow to capacity but are also dependent on outside factors)

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12
Q

ecology

A

scientific study of interactions among organisms and their environments

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13
Q

biosphere

A

portion of earth that supports life

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14
Q

abiotic

A

non-living parts (air, water, soil)

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15
Q

biotic

A

living parts (people, plants, animals)

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16
Q

levels of organization in ecology

A

1) Organism
2) population
3) community
4) ecosystems
5) biosphere

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17
Q

organism

A

an individual

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18
Q

population

A

group of organisms of one species in the same place

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19
Q

community

A

groups of populations that interact

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20
Q

ecosystems

A

communities & surrounding abiotic things (terrestrial-land, aquatic-bodies of water)

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21
Q

biosphere

A

all ecosystems

22
Q

habitat

A

living place of organisms

23
Q

niche

A

role “job” species plays in it’s environment (food, shelter, survival, reproduction)

24
Q

symbiosis

A

living together

25
Q

commensalism

A

one benefits, one gets nothing (ex: elephant & birds walking) q

26
Q

multulism

A

both things benefit (ex: alligator & bird teeth cleaning)

27
Q

parasitism

A

one lives off the other, but doesn’t kill it (ex: tick on a dog)

28
Q

competition

A

between two or more species for a resource (food, other mates, ect.)

29
Q

predator

A

animal or organism that hunts & kills prey for food

30
Q

autotrophs

A

use energy from the sun or chemical component to make food

31
Q

producers

A

organisms that make food in a community

32
Q

types of consumers

A
  1. heterotrophs
  2. scavengers
  3. decomposers
33
Q

heterotrophs

A

can not make food, must feed on other organisms

34
Q

scavengers

A

eat on animals that have already died

35
Q

decomposers

A

break down and absorb nutrients from dead organisms (recyclers)

36
Q

primary consumer

A

animals that eat only plants

37
Q

secondary consumer

A

animals that eat other animals

38
Q

carnivore

A

only eats animals

39
Q

herbivore

A

only eats plants

40
Q

omnivore

A

eats both animals and plants

41
Q

food chains

A

simple model to show how matter and energy move through an ecosystem

42
Q

example of a food chain

A

plant –> insect –> frog –> snake

43
Q

trophic levels

A

each organism in a food chain represents a feeding step in the passage of energy

44
Q

5 trophic levels

A
  1. producers
  2. primary consumers (herbivores)
  3. secondary consumer (omnivores/carnivores)
    4 & 5. top (carnivores
45
Q

ecological pyramids

A

diagram that shows the relative amounts of energy in different trophic levels

46
Q

food webs

A

model that shows all possible feeding relationships at each trophic level in a community

47
Q

water cycle

A
  1. precipitation (rain, snow)
  2. evaporation (liquid to gaseous water)
  3. transpiration (evaporation from plants)
  4. condensation (gaseous water to liquid)
48
Q

carbon cycle

A
  1. photosynthesis (how carbon gets from abiotic to biotic)
  2. respiration (how carbon gets from biotic to abiotic) (reverse of photosynthesis)
49
Q

nitrogen cycle

A

(getting nitrogen into the soil)
1. lightning strikes
2. bacteria (through plants)
3. man-made (spraying fields with nitrogen) (rotating growing crops, ex: corn takes nitrogen out, beans bring nitrogen back)

50
Q

phosphorus cycle

A
  1. short term (organisms dying)
  2. long term (rocks slowly decaying)

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