Unit 2: Physiology and Health - Key Area 2: Hormonal Control of Reproduction

Question 1

What is the role of the releaser hormone in sperm production?

Answer 1

Secreted from th hypothalmaus to stimulate the pituitary gland.

Question 2

What is the role of ICSH in sperm production?

Answer 2

Promotes testosterone production in the interstitial cells.

Question 3

What is the role of the hypothalmaus in sperm production?

Answer 3

Produces a releaser hormone which stimulates the pituitary gland at the start of puberty.

Question 4

What is the role of FSH in sperm production?

Answer 4

Promotes sperm production in the seminiferous tubules.

Question 5

What is the role of testosterone in sperm production?

Answer 5

Stimulates sperm production and stimulates the seminal vesicle and the prostate gland to produce their secretions.

Question 6

What is the role of the pituitary gland in sperm production?

Answer 6

Is stimulated by the releasert hormone to produce FSH and ICSH.

Question 7

What are the 1st steps in the hormonal control of sperm production?

Answer 7

The hypotalmaus in the brain secretes the releaser hormone which stimulates nthe pituitary gland to produce FSH and ICSH which goes to the testes.

Question 8

What does FSH do in the testes?

Answer 8

FSH stimulates sperm production in the seminiferous tubules.

Question 9

What does ICSH do in the testes?

Answer 9

ICSH stimulates the interstitial cells to produce testosterone. The testosterone stimulates sperm production in the seminiferous tubules and the prostate gland. It also sti mulates the seminal vesicle to produce their secretions.

Question 10

What can testosterone do if its levels increase?

Answer 10

Negative feedback can occur if levels of testosterone increase. This inhibits the release of FSH and ICSH from the pituitary glands and stops sperm production etc. If thelevels of testosterone decrease to normal levels the inhibitary effect is switched off.

Question 11

What is the role of oestrogen in the control of hormonal menstrual cycle?

Answer 11

Promotes the proliferation of the cells of the endometrium and stimulates the secretion of LH by the pituitary.

Question 12

What is the role of FSH in the control of hormonal menstrual cycle?

Answer 12

Stimulates the development of a follicle and stimulates the ovary to release oestrogen.

Question 13

What is the role of progesterone in the control of hormonal menstrual cycle?

Answer 13

Promotes further vacularisation of the endometrium and inhibits FSH and LH release from the pituitary.

Question 14

What is the role of LH in the control of hormonal menstrual cycle?

Answer 14

Triggers ovulation and stimulates the development of the corpus luteum from the follicle.

Question 15

What is the role of releaser hormone in the control of hormonal menstrual cycle?

Answer 15

Produced in the hypothalmaus to stimulate the pituitary the pituitary to release FSH and LH.

Question 16

What are the 2 phases in the menstrual cycle?

Answer 16

The Luteal phase and the Follicular phase.

Question 17

What phase occurs 1st in the menstrual cycle?

Answer 17

The follicular phase.

Question 18

What happens in the 1st steps of the follicular phase?

Answer 18

The pituitary gland in the brain releases FSH which stimulates the follicle to develop and mature. The follicle/ovary then releases oestrogen.

Question 19

What happens if levels of oestrogen increase in the follicular phase?

Answer 19

If there is increased levels of oestrogen, negative feedback occurs where the oestrogen inhibits the release of FSH from the pituitary gland.

Question 20

What does the oestrogen released from the follicle/ovary in the follicular phase do?

Answer 20

The oestrogen stimulates the endometrium to repair, the viscosity of the cervical mucus to reduce/decrease and the pituitary gland to release LH

Question 21

What does the LH released from the pituitary gland in the follicular phase stimulate to happen?

Answer 21

Ovulation.

Question 22

What happens in the 1st steps of the luteal phase?

Answer 22

After ovulation high levels of LH stimulate the follicle to develop into a corpus luteum. The corpus luteum releases oestrogen and progesterone.

Question 23

What does the oestrogen released from the corpus luteum in the luteal phase do?

Answer 23

Levels of oestrogen begin to rise. High levels of oestrogen inhibit FSH release from the pituitary gland. Low levels of FSH stop the maturation of further follicles. Low levels of oestrogen stimulate the pituitary to release FSH and the cycle begins again.

Question 24

What does the progesterone released from the corpus luteum in the luteal phase do?

Answer 24

Levels of progesterone begin to rise. High levels of progesterone inhibit LH release from the pituitary. Low levels of LH cause the corpus luteum to break down and progesterone levels to minimise. Low levels of progesterone triggers menstruation.

Question 25

What does cell proliferation mean?

Answer 25

Cell division (adding cells).

Question 26

What is an example of negative feedback control in the menstrual cycle?

Answer 26

As levels of progesterone and oestrogen increase they inhibit the release of FSH and LH from the pituitary. This stops any further follicles developing. Towards the end of the cycle the oestrogen and progesterone levels will fall and the inhibition will be removed. This is an example of negative feedback.

Question 27

How long is the menstrual cycle approximately?

Answer 27

28 days.

Question 28

What is regarded as the 1st day of the menstrual cycle?

Answer 28

The first day of menstruation.

Question 29

What is fertilisation?

Answer 29

The fusion of the nucleus from the sperm withe the nucleus of the egg.

Question 30

What is the resulting cell of fertilisation?

Answer 30

A zygote.

Question 31

What happens to the zygote after fertilisation?

Answer 31

The zygote starts to divide as it travels down the oviduct and embeds in the endometrium where it develops into a baby.

Question 32

Name the 2 ovarian hormones?

Answer 32

Oestrogen and progesterone.

Question 33

What structure secretes the hormone progesterone?

Answer 33

The corpus luteum.

Question 34

If fertilisation does occur what happens to the corpus luteum and progesterone levels?

Answer 34

The corpus luteum does not break down/ is maintained and continues to produce progesterone. This means levels of progesterone stay high so the lining of the uterus is maintained and not broken up.