Unit 2: Physiology and Health - Key Area 1: Gamete Production and Fertilisation

Question 1

What is the function of the penis?

Answer 1

To insert the sperm into the vagina.

Question 2

What is the function of the urethra?

Answer 2

Release sperm (and urine).

Question 3

What is the function of the scrotum?

Answer 3

Holds the testes.

Question 4

What is the function of the testes?

Answer 4

Produces sperm and testosterone.

Question 5

What is the function of the prostate gland and the seminal vesicle?

Answer 5

Secrete fluids to maintain mobility and viability of sperm.

Question 6

What is the function of the sperm duct?

Answer 6

Transports sperm from the testes to the urethra.

Question 7

What are sperm?

Answer 7

The male gamete.

Question 8

What cells are sperm produced from?

Answer 8

Germline cells

Question 9

Where are sperm cells produced?

Answer 9

In the seminiferous tubules of the testes.

Question 10

What is the term used that means sperm can swim?

Answer 10

Motile

Question 11

What produces a liquid that allows the sperm to swim in and what is this liquid called?

Answer 11

The prostate gland and the seminal vesicle. The liquid is called seminal fluid.

Question 12

What does seminal fluid and sperm produce

Answer 12

Semen

Question 13

What does the seminal fluid provide the sperm with?

Answer 13

Fructose for energy and enzymes to keep the liquid at the correct viscosity.

Question 14

What would happen if the seminal liquid was not the right viscosity?

Answer 14

The sperm would not be able to swim properly.

Question 15

Along with sperm what do the testes also produce?

Answer 15

The male hormone called testosterone.

Question 16

What type of cell division produces gametes?

Answer 16

Meiosis

Question 17

What cells are testosterone produced in?

Answer 17

Interstitial cells.

Question 18

Where are the seminiferous tubules in the testes on a diagram?

Answer 18

The squiggly lines.

Question 19

Where are the interstitial cells in the testes on a diagram?

Answer 19

In between the squiggly lines.

Question 20

What is the function of the vagina?

Answer 20

Where sperm is deposited during sexual intercourse.

Question 21

What is the function of the cervix?

Answer 21

Muscular ring between vagina and uterus.

Question 22

What is the function of the uterus?

Answer 22

Where the baby develops during pregnancy.

Question 23

What is the function of the endometrium?

Answer 23

Wall of the uterus where the embryo implants.

Question 24

What is the function of the oviduct?

Answer 24

Site of fertilisation.

Question 25

What is the function of the ovary?

Answer 25

Produces and stores ova/eggs.

Question 26

What are ova formed from?

Answer 26

Germline cells.

Question 27

Where do ova form?

Answer 27

In the ovaries.

Question 28

What do the ovaries contain?

Answer 28

Ova at various stages of development.

Question 29

What is each ovum surrounded by and what does this do?

Answer 29

Each ovum is surrounded by a follicle which secretes hormones and protects the developing ova.

Question 30

Following the process of ovulation where are mature ova released and what may occur?

Answer 30

Following the process of ovulation mature ova are released into the oviduct where fertilisation may occur if sexual intercourse has taken place.

Question 31

What is a fertilised egg/ova known as?

Answer 31

A zygote.

Question 32

What is fertilisation?

Answer 32

Fertilisation is the fusion of the nucleus from the sperm cell with the nucleus from the ova and it occurs in the oviduct.

Question 33

What does the zygote do after fertilisation?

Answer 33

The zygote begins to proliferate into a ball of cells which implants into the endometrium for development.

Question 34

What happens to the ova if fertilisation does not occur?

Answer 34

The unfertilised ova passes out the body.

Question 35

What is the purpose of a follicle?

Answer 35

To secrete hormones and protect developing ova.

Question 36

What happens at ovulation?

Answer 36

Ova are released into the oviduct.

Question 37

Where does fertilisation occur?

Answer 37

In the oviduct.

Question 38

What is the endometrium?

Answer 38

Wall of the uterus where the embryo implants.