Unit 1: Human Cells - Key Area 7 - Cellular Respiration Flashcards
What is the word equation for aerobic respiration?
Glucose + oxygen -> energy + water + carbon dioxide.
What must be present for aerobic respiration to occur?
Oxygen.
What happens if no oxygen is present in respiration?
The glucose is broken down by a process called fermentation.
What is the word equation for fermentation?
glucose -> little energy + lactate
What does ATP stand for?
Adenosine triphosphate.
What is ATP?
A high energy molecule that provides the energy required in the body
What is ATP made up of?
Adenosine and three inorganic phosphate (Pi) groups.
When is energy released from ATP?
Energy stored in ATP is released when the bond attaching the last phosphate (Pi) group is broken.
What is formed when the energy is released from ATP?
Adenosine diphosphate and an inorganic phosphate.
Where does the energy come from to make ATP from ADP + Pi in respiration?
The breakdown of glucose in during respiration.
Why is there a constant supply of ATP in our cells?
There is a constant supply of ATP in our cells as it is synthesised as fast as it is used.
What is phosphorylation?
Phosphorylation is an enzyme controlled process by which a phosphate group is added to a molecule.
What is an example of phosphorylation?
Phosphorylation occurs when Pi is added to ADP to make ATP.
Phosphorylation also occurs when phosphate (Pi) and energy are transferred from ATP to the molecules of a reactant in a metabolic pathway making them more reactive. Due to this some steps in a pathway can only proceed if a reactant becomes phosphorylated and energised, like when glucose is phosphorylised to form glucose - 1 phosphate (more details about this on another slide.
What are the 3 stages of aerobic respiration?
1) Glycolysis
2) Citric Acid Cycle
3) Electron Transport Chain (ETC)
What is glycolysis?
The breakdown of glucose into 2 pyruvate in the cytoplasm.
Where does glycolysis occur?
In the Cytoplasm.