UNIT 2- Phonetics and Phonology Flashcards
Field of study, a discipline that studies speech sounds as physical objects. How
these sounds are made, the number of speech sounds a language has, how they travel through air,
how they are perceived and how they can be measured.
Phonetics
It’s the component of grammar that studies how languages organize sounds into
different patterns or meaningful systems. It also studies how languages constrain sequences of
sounds, what type of alternations the sounds undergo and how sounds are organized into larger units
such as syllables, words and phrases.
Phonology
They are part of the mouth and shape the breath produced by the lungs to form
definite sounds
Articulators
an individual speech sound
Phoneme
both articulators are brought together to cut the airflow off. /p,t,k/. /m/
Stop/ Plosive
articulators are brought together but not closed completely, so the air is
forced between them /s, z, f, v/
Fricatives
they combine a sequence of stop and a fricative in a single sound / ʧ / and
/ ʤ /
Affricates
the active articulator moves to narrow the vocal tract but not so much
that a fricative is produced. /j/ and /w/ (semivowels)
Approximants
the L sound is called _________________ because the air flows over the sides of the tongue
lateral
the R- sounds are called ________________.
rhotics
It has to do with the organs involved in sound production. The location
in the vocal tract where the air is constricted/restricted. (bilabial, labiodental, dental, alveolar,
postalveolar, palatal, velar, glottal)
Place of articulation
Name of the group:
Stops/plosives, fricatives, and affricates: they make noise when obstructing the airflow.
Obstruents
Name of the group:
Nasal stops, approximants and vowel sounds: they make audible sounds by letting the air resonate, with no obstruction
Sonorants
[Suprasegmental aspects of speech]
How long it takes to articulate a given segment
length
[Suprasegmental aspects of speech]
The linguistic pitch to convey meaning at the level of words.
Tone
[Suprasegmental aspects of speech]
the use of pitch to convey meaning at sentence or discourse level.
Intonation
[Suprasegmental aspects of speech]
A prominence relation between syllables and sometimes moves around to
accommodate an alternating pattern.
Stress
It is a variant of the same phoneme which depends on a
particular linguistic environment
allophones
A pair of words that only differ in only one sound in the same position within a word; their distribution is unpredictable and
contrastive.
Minimal pairs
Rules imposed by the language as regards how sounds can be combined or patterned together.
Phonotactic constraints
[Types of Phonological Phenomena]
2 sounds that are different become more alike. It can be local or long-distance (from other segments)
Assimilation
[Types of Phonological Phenomena]
two sounds that are similar become different. e.g: Diphthong
Dissimilation
[Types of Phonological Phenomena]
When vowels are used to break up the strings of consonants.
Insertion
[Types of Phonological Phenomena]
In a sequence of consonants, Instead of adding a vowel, we elide a consonant
Deletion
[Types of Phonological Phenomena]
Sounds become stronger.
eg: fricative becomes a stop
Fortition
[Types of Phonological Phenomena]
Switching the order of sounds
Metathesis
[Types of Phonological Phenomena]
Copying parts of the word to convey a pejorative or diminutive sense:
eg: teeny-tiny
Reduplication
