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Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics > Unit 2: Pharmacokinetic Parameters (Volume of Distribution) > Flashcards

Unit 2: Pharmacokinetic Parameters (Volume of Distribution) Flashcards

1
Q

Time required for the concentration of a drug to decrease by one half

A

biologic half-life

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2
Q

Unit for biologic half-life

A

seconds, minutes, hours, etc.

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3
Q

Often related to its duration of action and also may indicate when another dose should be given

A

drug’s half-life

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4
Q

Determines the speed at which a drug is removed from the body

A

Elimination half-life/biologic half life

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5
Q

Sum of the rate constants for removal of drug from the body, including the rate constants for renal excretion and metabolism

A

Elimination rate constant

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6
Q

Is a first-order kinetic process, depending on -/ the overall elimination rate constant, k, and the amount of drug in the body, DB, remaining at any given time, t

A

Drug elimination

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7
Q

Represents the fraction of drug removed per unit of time

A

Elimination rate constant

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8
Q

Is elimination rate constant affected by route of administration?

A

No

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9
Q

Is elimination rate constant affected by physiologic or pathologic conditions of the patient (e.g. liver failure, age)

A

Yes

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10
Q

Unit for elimination rate constant

A

reciprocal time (sec-1, mins-1, hrs-1)

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11
Q

Reversible transfer of drug from one location to another within the body

A

drug distribution

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12
Q

Drug distribution to theoretical compartments

A

drug distribution

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13
Q

Most drugs ____(do not distribute uniformly/distribute uniformly)____ throughout the body but assumed that drug ___(does not uniformly/uniformly)___ distributes into a single compartment of fluid

A

do not uniformly; uniformly

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14
Q

Volume that must be considered in estimating the amount of drug in the body from the concentration of drug found in the sampling compartment

A

volume of distribution

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15
Q

Process of reversible transfer of a drug to and from the site of measurement, usually blood/plasma

A

volume of distribution

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16
Q

Fluid distribution in an adult
Interstitial fluid:
Plasma:
Intracellular fluid:
Extracellular fluid:
Total body water:

A

Interstitial fluid: 21%
Plasma:4%
Intracellular fluid: 35%
Extracellular fluid: 25%
Total body water: 60%

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17
Q

T/F
apparent volume of distribution (Vd) is of a true anatomic or physical value

A

F

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18
Q

Hypothetical volume of body fluid in which the drug is dissolved

A

apparent volume of distribution

19
Q

Needed to estimate the amount of drug in the body relative to concentration of drug in the plasma

A

apparent volume of distribution

20
Q

increase in Vd will result to an/a _____ in dose

A

increase

21
Q

Reflects the amount of drug in the tissues, not in the plasma

A

apparent volume of distribution

22
Q

Apparent volume of distribution reflects the amt of drug in the ______

A

tissues

23
Q

Vd is _________ proportional in relation to the drug plasma concentration

A

inversely

24
Q

Constant per any given drug

A

apparent volume of distribution

25
Q

unit of apparent volume of distribution

A

volume (mL, L), % body weight

26
Q

Apparent Volume of Distribution (Vd)
weight of 1 kg is assumed to be equal to _______

A

1-L volume

27
Q

represents the dose of drug given by intravenous bolus (g, mg)

A

DB

28
Q

represents the extrapolated drug concentration at zero time on the y-axis (mg/mL)

A

CP

29
Q

inc blood flow = _____ Vd

A

inc

30
Q

lipid soluble drugs = ____ Vd

A

inc

31
Q

hydrophilic drug = _____ Vd

A

dec

32
Q

unionized drug = ______ Vd

A

inc

33
Q

higher body weight = ____ Vd

A

inc

34
Q

elderly = _____ Vd

A

dec daw sabe sa ggl ???

35
Q

A drugs which is more bound to plasma proteins than tissue proteins will ___ Cp and ___ Vd

A

inc; dec

36
Q

A drug which has a high affinity for adipose tissues than plasma proteins will ___ Cp and ___ Vd

A

dec; inc

37
Q

Vd of a lipophilic drug is ______ (large/small) in an obese patient

A

large

38
Q

Vd is ______ (inversely/directly) proportional to the half-life

A

directly

39
Q

Vd _____ (shortens/prolongs) half life = ______ (longer/shorter) DOA

A

prolongs; longer

40
Q

Used for the computation of the loading dose of a drug

A

Vd

41
Q

Determine or predict the distribution of drugs

A

Vd

42
Q

Determines whether drug is predominantly in the plasma or in the body tissues

A

Vd

43
Q

Compare the distribution characteristics of various drugs

A

Vd

Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics (5 decks)

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