Unit 1.2: Introduction (other routes of administration) Flashcards
route with 100% bioavailability
intravenous route (IV)
rate of onset of intravenous route (IV)
rapid onset of action
rate of onset of sublingual route (SL)
rapid onset of action
rate of onset of buccal route
rapid onset of action
the whole amount of drug is given instantaneously
IV bolus
the drug reaches the circulation by increments (slow infusion)
IV infusion
many doses in a time rate
IV infusion
dose given cannot be reversed, an excess can be a potential for drug toxicity
intravenous route (IV)
does intravenous route (IV) have FPE
no
liberation happens in the mouth
sublingual route (SL)
antihypertensive drugs such as clonidine and nitroglycerine (NTG)
sublingual route (SL)
usually a tablet (e.g.Isosorbide dinitrate SL tab) or a solution
sublingual route (SL)
absorption in the mucosa of the tongue (lingual vein)
sublingual route (SL)
does sublingual route (SL) have FPE
no
area in the tongue with high blood flow/hyperfusion; brings drug directly to systemic circulation
lingual vein
usually a solution (e.g. Nitroglycerin buccal spray)
buccal route
absorption in the mucosa of the buccal cavity
buccal route
troches
buccal route
does buccal route have FPE
no
route through rectum
rectal route
suppository –> liberation
rectal route
area of absorption of rectal route
rectal mucosa
does rectal route in upper region have FPE
yes
does rectal route in lower region have FPE
no
region in rectal route for laxatives
upper region
region in rectal route for paracetamol
lower region
pathway of drug in upper region for rectal route
superior mesenteric vein (connected to portal vein) —> hepatic portal vein —> liver
pathway of drug in lower region for rectal route
inferior mesenteric vein —> inferior vena cava —> systemic circulation
shape of top of paracetamol suppository
pointed
insulin
subcutaneous route (SQ)
for SQ:
parenteral drug –> deltoid and lateral thigh with the needle at _____ degree angle
45
Drug –> subcutaneous tissue and muscle layer to reach the bloodstream
subcutaneous route (SQ)
rate of absorption thru subcutaneous route (SQ)
drug is slowly absorbed from the site of administration
rate of absorption thru intramuscular route (IM)
drug is slowly absorbed from the site of administration
slow or gradual onset of action
subcutaneous route (SQ), intramuscular route
does subcutaneous route (SQ) have FPE
no
we need to shave hair to moisten the skin and increase adhesion
transdermal route (TD)
differs from a topical because the drug is intended to be absorbed through the skin to reach the systemic circulation
transdermal route (TD)
patches
transdermal route (TD)
drug –> all the layers (skin, subcutaneous tissue and muscles) to reach the
bloodstream
transdermal route (TD)
rate of absorption is directly proportional to the hydration & perfusion of the skin and lipophilicity of the drug
transdermal route (TD)
does transdermal route have FPE
no
position that protrudes the tip of the spinal chord for intrathecal administration
fetal position
drug (e.g. local anesthetics) reaches the cerebrospinal fluid then goes to the bloodstream via the choroid plexus
intrathecal/spinal route
does intrathecal/spinal route have FPE
no
network of blood vessels sa brain that produces cerebrospinal fluid
choroid plexus
Drug –> airways to reach the alveoli where it will be absorbed to reach the systemic circulation
inhalational route
rate of absorption depends on the pressure and perfusion in the alveoli/air sacs
inhalational route
e.g.salbutamol metered-dose inhalers, isoflurane gas
inhalational route
immediate effect
inhalational route
does inhalational route have FPE
no
drug –> bone marrow for it to reach the systemic circulation
intraosseous route (IO)
accessed if the IV route is difficult to achieve
intraosseous route (IO)
drug –> synovial fluid and it will eventually go back to the systemic circulation
intrasynovial route
fluid between joints and is directed to systemic circulation
synovial fluid
drugs given by this route are intended to reach the site of action immediately
intrasynovial route
e.g. an anti-inflammatory drug injected in the joints to treat arthritis
intrasynovial route
intramuscular route needle ange
90 degree angle
parenteral drug –> deltoid, gluteal region, lateral thigh with the needle at 90 °angle
intramuscular route (IM)
drug –> muscle layer to reach the bloodstream
intramuscular route (IM)
does IM have FPE
no
what is the rate of liberation and duration of action of TD patches
slow liberation, prolonged DOA
