Unit 1.2: Introduction (other routes of administration)

Question 1

route with 100% bioavailability

Answer 1

intravenous route (IV)

Question 2

rate of onset of intravenous route (IV)

Answer 2

rapid onset of action

Question 3

rate of onset of sublingual route (SL)

Answer 3

rapid onset of action

Question 4

rate of onset of buccal route

Answer 4

rapid onset of action

Question 5

the whole amount of drug is given instantaneously

Answer 5

IV bolus

Question 6

the drug reaches the circulation by increments (slow infusion)

Answer 6

IV infusion

Question 7

many doses in a time rate

Answer 7

IV infusion

Question 8

dose given cannot be reversed, an excess can be a potential for drug toxicity

Answer 8

intravenous route (IV)

Question 9

does intravenous route (IV) have FPE

Answer 9

no

Question 10

liberation happens in the mouth

Answer 10

sublingual route (SL)

Question 11

antihypertensive drugs such as clonidine and nitroglycerine (NTG)

Answer 11

sublingual route (SL)

Question 12

usually a tablet (e.g.Isosorbide dinitrate SL tab) or a solution

Answer 12

sublingual route (SL)

Question 13

absorption in the mucosa of the tongue (lingual vein)

Answer 13

sublingual route (SL)

Question 14

does sublingual route (SL) have FPE

Answer 14

no

Question 15

area in the tongue with high blood flow/hyperfusion; brings drug directly to systemic circulation

Answer 15

lingual vein

Question 16

usually a solution (e.g. Nitroglycerin buccal spray)

Answer 16

buccal route

Question 17

absorption in the mucosa of the buccal cavity

Answer 17

buccal route

Question 18

troches

Answer 18

buccal route

Question 19

does buccal route have FPE

Answer 19

no

Question 20

route through rectum

Answer 20

rectal route

Question 21

suppository –> liberation

Answer 21

rectal route

Question 22

area of absorption of rectal route

Answer 22

rectal mucosa

Question 23

does rectal route in upper region have FPE

Answer 23

yes

Question 24

does rectal route in lower region have FPE

Answer 24

no

Question 25

region in rectal route for laxatives

Answer 25

upper region

Question 26

region in rectal route for paracetamol

Answer 26

lower region

Question 27

pathway of drug in upper region for rectal route

Answer 27

superior mesenteric vein (connected to portal vein) —> hepatic portal vein —> liver

Question 28

pathway of drug in lower region for rectal route

Answer 28

inferior mesenteric vein —> inferior vena cava —> systemic circulation

Question 29

shape of top of paracetamol suppository

Answer 29

pointed

Question 30

insulin

Answer 30

subcutaneous route (SQ)

Question 31

for SQ: parenteral drug --> deltoid and lateral thigh with the needle at _____ degree angle

Answer 31

45

Question 32

Drug --> subcutaneous tissue and muscle layer to reach the bloodstream

Answer 32

subcutaneous route (SQ)

Question 33

rate of absorption thru subcutaneous route (SQ)

Answer 33

drug is slowly absorbed from the site of administration

Question 34

rate of absorption thru intramuscular route (IM)

Answer 34

drug is slowly absorbed from the site of administration

Question 35

slow or gradual onset of action

Answer 35

subcutaneous route (SQ), intramuscular route

Question 36

does subcutaneous route (SQ) have FPE

Answer 36

no

Question 37

we need to shave hair to moisten the skin and increase adhesion

Answer 37

transdermal route (TD)

Question 38

differs from a topical because the drug is intended to be absorbed through the skin to reach the systemic circulation

Answer 38

transdermal route (TD)

Question 39

patches

Answer 39

transdermal route (TD)

Question 40

drug --> all the layers (skin, subcutaneous tissue and muscles) to reach the bloodstream

Answer 40

transdermal route (TD)

Question 41

rate of absorption is directly proportional to the hydration & perfusion of the skin and lipophilicity of the drug

Answer 41

transdermal route (TD)

Question 42

does transdermal route have FPE

Answer 42

no

Question 43

position that protrudes the tip of the spinal chord for intrathecal administration

Answer 43

fetal position

Question 44

drug (e.g. local anesthetics) reaches the cerebrospinal fluid then goes to the bloodstream via the choroid plexus

Answer 44

intrathecal/spinal route

Question 45

does intrathecal/spinal route have FPE

Answer 45

no

Question 46

network of blood vessels sa brain that produces cerebrospinal fluid

Answer 46

choroid plexus

Question 47

Drug --> airways to reach the alveoli where it will be absorbed to reach the systemic circulation

Answer 47

inhalational route

Question 48

rate of absorption depends on the pressure and perfusion in the alveoli/air sacs

Answer 48

inhalational route

Question 49

e.g.salbutamol metered-dose inhalers, isoflurane gas

Answer 49

inhalational route

Question 50

immediate effect

Answer 50

inhalational route

Question 51

does inhalational route have FPE

Answer 51

no

Question 52

drug --> bone marrow for it to reach the systemic circulation

Answer 52

intraosseous route (IO)

Question 53

accessed if the IV route is difficult to achieve

Answer 53

intraosseous route (IO)

Question 54

drug --> synovial fluid and it will eventually go back to the systemic circulation

Answer 54

intrasynovial route

Question 55

fluid between joints and is directed to systemic circulation

Answer 55

synovial fluid

Question 56

drugs given by this route are intended to reach the site of action immediately

Answer 56

intrasynovial route

Question 57

e.g. an anti-inflammatory drug injected in the joints to treat arthritis

Answer 57

intrasynovial route

Question 58

intramuscular route needle ange

Answer 58

90 degree angle

Question 59

parenteral drug --> deltoid, gluteal region, lateral thigh with the needle at 90 °angle

Answer 59

intramuscular route (IM)

Question 60

drug --> muscle layer to reach the bloodstream

Answer 60

intramuscular route (IM)

Question 61

does IM have FPE

Answer 61

no

Question 62

what is the rate of liberation and duration of action of TD patches

Answer 62

slow liberation, prolonged DOA