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Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics > Unit 2: Pharmacokinetic Parameters (Total Body Clearance) > Flashcards

Unit 2: Pharmacokinetic Parameters (Total Body Clearance) Flashcards

1
Q

Describes or quantifies the rate of blood elimination from the body

A

total body clearance

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2
Q

symbol for total body clearance

A

ClT, CL

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3
Q

Irreversible removal of drug from the body by an organ of elimination

A

Total Body Clearance

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4
Q

Defined as the volume of blood irreversibly cleared of drug per unit of time

A

Total Body Clearance

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5
Q

Influenced by pathologic conditions (organs of elimination: kidney and liver) and age of the patient

A

Total Body Clearance

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6
Q

what factors influence total body clearance

A

pathologic conditions (organs of elimination: kidney and liver) and age of the patient

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7
Q

unit for total body clearance

A

FLOW (volume/time)

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8
Q

List of drugs that require monitoring for geriatric patients or has contraindications as the body loses ability to clear drugs naturally

A

beer’s list

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9
Q

Considers the entire compartment as a drug-eliminating system from which many elimination processes may occur

A

total body clearance

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10
Q

Quantitation of the collective drug elimination from the body

A

total body clearance

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11
Q

Indicates the volume of plasma (or blood) from which the drug is completely removed, or cleared, in a given time period

A

total body clearance

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12
Q

Quantity of drug eliminated per unit time

A

elimination rate constant

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13
Q

Volume of fluid that is cleared of drug per unit time

A

clearance

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14
Q

Sum of all clearances of the body

A

total body clearance

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15
Q

often equated to hepatic clearance

A

non-renal clearance

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16
Q

hepatic metabolism, biliary metabolism, etc. are under what type of clearance

A

non-renal clearence

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17
Q

It is always assumed that the drug is eliminated or cleared by _____-order

A

first

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18
Q

determines the rate of drug delivery to the eliminating organ

A

Blood flow (Q)

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19
Q

fraction of the drug that is irreversibly removed by an organ or tissue as the plasma-containing drug perfuses that tissue

A

Extraction ratio (ER)

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20
Q

relationship between clearance, blood flow and extraction clearance is ______ (direct/inverse)

A

direct

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21
Q

Increase in Q = ______ in rate of removal

A

increase

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22
Q

efficiency with which an organ of elimination (liver, kidney) removes a drug from the blood

A

Extraction Ratio (ER)

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23
Q

can be determined by measuring the concentration entering (Cin) and leaving (Cout) the organ

A

Extraction Ratio (ER)

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24
Q

Value may range from 0 to 1

A

Extraction Ratio (ER)

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25
Q

if no drug is removed, ER = ?

A

0

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26
Q

if entire quantity of drug is removed, ER = ?

A

1

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27
Q

Higher Q, extraction ratio, indicates ______ (efficiency/inefficiency) of the organ in removing drug

A

efficiency

28
Q

Rating (high, intermediate, low) if ER is >0.7

A

high

29
Q

Rating (high, intermediate, low) if ER is 0.3-0.7

A

intermediate

30
Q

Rating (high, intermediate, low) if ER is <0.3

A

low

31
Q

______ and ______ will determine a drug’s clearance

A

blood flow and extraction ratio

32
Q

a drug that is eliminated exclusively by hepatic metabolism

A

Propranolol

33
Q

extraction ratio for propranolol is ______

A

greater than 0.9

34
Q

if ER ~ 1, then clearance is approximately equal to ______

A

liver blood flow/perfusion

35
Q

indication of the high extraction ratio for propanolol

A

relatively high oral dose of propranolol compared with the intravenous dose

36
Q

oral dose of propranolol is ____ times the equivalent intravenous dose

A

10-20

37
Q

Drug elimination rate divided by the plasma concentration

A

total body clearance

38
Q

unit of total body clearance

A

volume/time

39
Q

According to the concept of _________, the body contains an apparent volume of distribution (Vd) and a constant portion of this is cleared or removed from the body per unit time (Kel or Ke)

A

clearance

40
Q

represents absolute bioavailabilty

A

F

41
Q

rate and extent of drug absorbed in the systemic circulation (mg.hr/mL)

A

area under the curve or AUC

42
Q

increased weight = ______ clearance

A

inc

43
Q

Cockcroft-Gault equation is under what factor of clearance

A

Body surface area/body weight

44
Q

inc cardiac output = ______ clearance

A

inc

45
Q

presence of hepatic enzyme inhibitor = _____ clearance

A

dec

46
Q

decreased renal perfusion = _____ clearance

A

dec

47
Q

if the drug competes for the renal transporter = _____ clearance

A

dec

48
Q

greater blood flow = ______ clearance

A

faster

49
Q

Plasma-bound drug = _____ elimination

A

dec

50
Q

Free drug, _____ elimination

A

faster

51
Q

in presence of hepatic and renal problems, _____ should be adjusted

A

dosage

52
Q

Clearance may be altered by the addition or removal of ________

A

concomitant drug therapy

53
Q

presence of hepatic enzyme inducer = _____ clearance

A

inc

54
Q

rifampicin and carbamazepine are examples of _______

A

enzyme inducers

55
Q

rifampicin and carbamazepine can ______ drug clearance

A

inc

56
Q

cimetidine, ciprofloxacin, verapamil are examples of ______

A

inhibitors

57
Q

cimetidine, ciprofloxacin, verapamil and many of the new antidepressants, compete for the metabolic enzymes, leading to a ______ clearance and _____ conc of other drugs

A

reduction/dec; inc

58
Q

occurs when the amount of a drug being absorbed is the same amount that’s being cleared from the body when the drug is given continuously or repeatedly

A

Steady-state concentration (Css)

59
Q

Knowledge of ___ allows calculation of the drug dose required to achieve a target concentration ( Cp)

A

Vd

60
Q

Knowledge of _______ allows calculation of the dose rate required to maintain a target steady state concentration (Css)

A

clearance

61
Q

Computation of maintenance dose

A

Importance of CLT

62
Q

Determine or predict the duration of action of a drug –> good or bad outcome

A

Importance of CLT

63
Q

____ CLT = ____ T1/2 = ____ Vd

A

higher; shorter; lower

64
Q

____ CP = ____Vd

A

higher; lower (inverse)

65
Q

Which variables are constants?
* Elimination rate constant (kel)
* Volume of distribution (Vd)
* Total body clearance (CL)
* Plasma concentration at 0 time (C0)
* Plasma concentration at a given time interval (Ct)

A
  • Elimination rate constant (kel)
  • Volume of distribution (Vd)
  • Total body clearance (CL)
66
Q

Which is a real variable?
* Elimination rate constant (kel)
* Volume of distribution (Vd)
* Total body clearance (CL)
* Plasma concentration at 0 time (C0)
* Plasma concentration at a given time interval (Ct)

A
  • Plasma concentration at a given time interval (Ct)

Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics (5 decks)

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