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Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics > Unit 2: Pharmacokinetic Parameters (Total Body Clearance) > Flashcards

Unit 2: Pharmacokinetic Parameters (Total Body Clearance) Flashcards

1
Q

Describes or quantifies the rate of blood elimination from the body

A

total body clearance

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2
Q

symbol for total body clearance

A

ClT, CL

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3
Q

Irreversible removal of drug from the body by an organ of elimination

A

Total Body Clearance

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4
Q

Defined as the volume of blood irreversibly cleared of drug per unit of time

A

Total Body Clearance

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5
Q

Influenced by pathologic conditions (organs of elimination: kidney and liver) and age of the patient

A

Total Body Clearance

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6
Q

what factors influence total body clearance

A

pathologic conditions (organs of elimination: kidney and liver) and age of the patient

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7
Q

unit for total body clearance

A

FLOW (volume/time)

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8
Q

List of drugs that require monitoring for geriatric patients or has contraindications as the body loses ability to clear drugs naturally

A

beer’s list

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9
Q

Considers the entire compartment as a drug-eliminating system from which many elimination processes may occur

A

total body clearance

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10
Q

Quantitation of the collective drug elimination from the body

A

total body clearance

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11
Q

Indicates the volume of plasma (or blood) from which the drug is completely removed, or cleared, in a given time period

A

total body clearance

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12
Q

Quantity of drug eliminated per unit time

A

elimination rate constant

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13
Q

Volume of fluid that is cleared of drug per unit time

A

clearance

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14
Q

Sum of all clearances of the body

A

total body clearance

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15
Q

often equated to hepatic clearance

A

non-renal clearance

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16
Q

hepatic metabolism, biliary metabolism, etc. are under what type of clearance

A

non-renal clearence

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17
Q

It is always assumed that the drug is eliminated or cleared by _____-order

A

first

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18
Q

determines the rate of drug delivery to the eliminating organ

A

Blood flow (Q)

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19
Q

fraction of the drug that is irreversibly removed by an organ or tissue as the plasma-containing drug perfuses that tissue

A

Extraction ratio (ER)

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20
Q

relationship between clearance, blood flow and extraction clearance is ______ (direct/inverse)

A

direct

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21
Q

Increase in Q = ______ in rate of removal

A

increase

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22
Q

efficiency with which an organ of elimination (liver, kidney) removes a drug from the blood

A

Extraction Ratio (ER)

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23
Q

can be determined by measuring the concentration entering (Cin) and leaving (Cout) the organ

A

Extraction Ratio (ER)

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24
Q

Value may range from 0 to 1

A

Extraction Ratio (ER)

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25
if no drug is removed, ER = ?
0
26
if entire quantity of drug is removed, ER = ?
1
27
Higher Q, extraction ratio, indicates ______ (efficiency/inefficiency) of the organ in removing drug
efficiency
28
Rating (high, intermediate, low) if ER is >0.7
high
29
Rating (high, intermediate, low) if ER is 0.3-0.7
intermediate
30
Rating (high, intermediate, low) if ER is <0.3
low
31
______ and ______ will determine a drug’s clearance
blood flow and extraction ratio
32
a drug that is eliminated exclusively by hepatic metabolism
Propranolol
33
extraction ratio for propranolol is ______
greater than 0.9
34
if ER ~ 1, then clearance is approximately equal to ______
liver blood flow/perfusion
35
indication of the high extraction ratio for propanolol
relatively high oral dose of propranolol compared with the intravenous dose
36
oral dose of propranolol is ____ times the equivalent intravenous dose
10-20
37
Drug elimination rate divided by the plasma concentration
total body clearance
38
unit of total body clearance
volume/time
39
According to the concept of _________, the body contains an apparent volume of distribution (Vd) and a constant portion of this is cleared or removed from the body per unit time (Kel or Ke)
clearance
40
represents absolute bioavailabilty
F
41
rate and extent of drug absorbed in the systemic circulation (mg.hr/mL)
area under the curve or AUC
42
increased weight = ______ clearance
inc
43
Cockcroft-Gault equation is under what factor of clearance
Body surface area/body weight
44
inc cardiac output = ______ clearance
inc
45
presence of hepatic enzyme inhibitor = _____ clearance
dec
46
decreased renal perfusion = _____ clearance
dec
47
if the drug competes for the renal transporter = _____ clearance
dec
48
greater blood flow = ______ clearance
faster
49
Plasma-bound drug = _____ elimination
dec
50
Free drug, _____ elimination
faster
51
in presence of hepatic and renal problems, _____ should be adjusted
dosage
52
Clearance may be altered by the addition or removal of ________
concomitant drug therapy
53
presence of hepatic enzyme inducer = _____ clearance
inc
54
rifampicin and carbamazepine are examples of _______
enzyme inducers
55
rifampicin and carbamazepine can ______ drug clearance
inc
56
cimetidine, ciprofloxacin, verapamil are examples of ______
inhibitors
57
cimetidine, ciprofloxacin, verapamil and many of the new antidepressants, compete for the metabolic enzymes, leading to a ______ clearance and _____ conc of other drugs
reduction/dec; inc
58
occurs when the amount of a drug being absorbed is the same amount that's being cleared from the body when the drug is given continuously or repeatedly
Steady-state concentration (Css)
59
Knowledge of ___ allows calculation of the drug dose required to achieve a target concentration ( Cp)
Vd
60
Knowledge of _______ allows calculation of the dose rate required to maintain a target steady state concentration (Css)
clearance
61
Computation of maintenance dose
Importance of CLT
62
Determine or predict the duration of action of a drug --> good or bad outcome
Importance of CLT
63
____ CLT = ____ T1/2 = ____ Vd
higher; shorter; lower
64
____ CP = ____Vd
higher; lower (inverse)
65
Which variables are constants? * Elimination rate constant (kel) * Volume of distribution (Vd) * Total body clearance (CL) * Plasma concentration at 0 time (C0) * Plasma concentration at a given time interval (Ct)
* Elimination rate constant (kel) * Volume of distribution (Vd) * Total body clearance (CL)
66
Which is a real variable? * Elimination rate constant (kel) * Volume of distribution (Vd) * Total body clearance (CL) * Plasma concentration at 0 time (C0) * Plasma concentration at a given time interval (Ct)
* Plasma concentration at a given time interval (Ct)

Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics (5 decks)

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