Unit 2, part 3 Flashcards
What is the Central Dogma of Biology?
The process of transferring genetic information from DNA to RNA to protein.
What is the chemical structure of RNA?
A polymer (chain) of nucleotides with a ribose sugar backbone.
What are the basic steps of transcription?
- Initiation
- Elongation
- Termination
- (Processing)
What is the directionality of DNA?
5’ to 3’ and 3’ to 5’.
What are Chargaff’s Rules?
- Equal amounts of A and T
- Equal amounts of G and C
- Equal amounts of purines and pyrimidines
What is the primary difference between RNA and DNA?
RNA contains ribose sugar and uracil instead of thymine.
What is a transcription unit?
A sequence of DNA that codes for a single RNA molecule.
What is the role of the promoter in transcription?
It signals the binding of proteins and the initiation of transcription.
Fill in the blank: Transcription is the process of transferring information from a double-stranded DNA template to a _______ molecule.
single-stranded RNA
True or False: Transcription happens for all genes at all times.
False
What is the significance of consensus sequences?
They signal the binding of proteins and are critical for gene regulation.
What occurs during the initiation step of transcription?
Proteins recognize and bind to specific sequences to start transcription.
What happens during the elongation step of transcription?
Nucleotides are added to form a new nucleic acid strand.
What is the termination sequence in transcription?
A specific sequence that signals the end of transcription.
What is the RNA transcript compared to the DNA coding strand?
Identical with U in place of T.
What is the direction in which RNA polymerase adds nucleotides?
5’ to 3’ direction.
What is the role of RNA polymerase during transcription?
Unwinds DNA, adds nucleotides, and forms the transcription bubble.
What are the two parts of the RNA-coding region in eukaryotes?
- Coding regions
- Non-coding regions
Fill in the blank: The RNA-coding region includes sequences necessary for its _______.
transcription
What does the term ‘transcription bubble’ refer to?
The unwound region of DNA where transcription occurs.
What are rNTPs in the context of transcription?
5’-ribonucleoside triphosphates used as building blocks for RNA.
What type of RNA is produced during transcription?
Pre-mRNA
What is the complementary DNA strand sequence for 5’ TCT AGG GAT GTA CCA ATA CGC GTG ACC ATG GCA AAA TTA CGG GCT ACG ATC CGA GTT TTA CCT CCG AAG TTG CCA CAA 3’?
3’ AGA TCC CTA CAT GGT TAT GCG CAC TGG TAC CGT TTT AA TCC CGA TGC TAG CCT CAA AAG GAG GCT TCA AAC GGT GTT 5’
What is the sequence of the RNA transcript from the given DNA coding strand?
5’ UCU AGG GAU GUA CCA AUA CGC GUG ACC AUG GCA AAA UUA CGG GCU ACG AUC CGA GUU UUA CCU CCG AAG UUG CCA CAA 3’
