Unit 2 organelles Flashcards
Nucleus
a membrane bound organelle in which DNA is stored;
the “office” of the cell
DNA
Determines what all the proteins are going to look like and sits in the “office” getting other organelles to do the work of building the proteins; genetic material of the cell
Mitochondria
Most stages of cellular respiration take place here. Carbohydrates are broken into simple sugars that later enter the mitochondria. After reactions, cellular energy (ATP) is released
Plasma Cell Membrane
The boundary of the cell. It regulates what comes in and out of the cell and is also responsible for cell identification and cell-to-cell communication. It is made of phospholipids and proteins. the gatekeeper
Ribosomes
These are where proteins are made through a process called protein synthesis. Ribosomes make all of the structural proteins, enzymes and hormones. Some ribosomes are free floating and others are attached to the ER.
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
There are 2 types: smooth and rough. Smooth ER makes lipids, which are used to make cell membranes. Rough ER has ribosomes attached to it and these ribosomes make proteins; “the factory”
Golgi apparatus
Modifies, sorts and distributes substances from the endoplasmic reticulum. It sends them to other parts of the cell or ships them out of the cell to other cells. “the post office”
Vauole
These are storage sacs in the cell. Vacuoles may also store water and water or other products such as proteins. Plant cells have one large vacuole. Animal cells have many small vacuoles. “cell stomach”
Centrosome
An organelle that contains centrioles. Centrioles are bundles of microtubules that help animal cells in cell division; “bamboo bundles”
Cytoplasm
Matrix in which all of the organisms sit
“jello”
Chloroplasts
This is the site of photosynthesis, the process by which plant cells use sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to make carbohydrates and oxygen; plants only
Plants Cells
Have chloroplasts
Have cell walls
Have one large vacuole
Do NOT have centrioles
Animal Cells
Do NOT have chloroplasts
Do NOT have cell wells
Have many small vacuoles
Have centrioles
