Unit 2 Organelles

Question 1

What are the 3 parts of the cell theory?

Answer 1

1. All living things are made of 1 or more cells
2. Cells are the basic units of structure and function of all organisms
3. New cells are made from pre existing cells

Question 2

What are cellular organelles?

Answer 2

organs of cells

Question 3

What are the differences between plant and animal cells?
1.
2.
3.

Answer 3

1. Cell wall
-plant
-more structure

2. chloroplasts
-plant
-photosythesis

3. vacuole strorage unit
-plant
-big, hold water
-sometimes animal but small

Question 4

Describe the cell membrane

material:

function:

location:

model:

Answer 4

Cell membrane

material: semipermeable phospholipid bilayer (lipids with polar head + non polar tail)

function: semipermeable= chooses what goes in and out
-in=small, non charged molecules like nutrients
-out=waste

location: surrounding the cell

model: fluid mosaic model

Question 5

Describe the nucleus
1. nucleus:
function:
location:

2. Nuclear envelope:
   material:
   function:
   location:
3. Nuclear pores:
   function:

Answer 5

Nucleus

the 3 parts
1. Nucleus
-function: control center of cell + stores DNA
-location: sphere bound by a membrane

2. Nuclear envelope:
   -material: 2 layers of phospholipid and receptor + transported proteins
   -function: mini cellmembrane
   The outer layer connects to Endoplasmic reticulum, proteins recognise and transport stuff to the nucleus

-location: surrounds the cell membrane around the nucleus

3. Nuclear pores:
   -function: allows certain particles to pass in and out

Question 6

Describe the mitochondria

mitochondria
material:
function:

Cristea
function:

Matrix
function:

Answer 6

mitochondria
material:bean shape + has own dna
function: POWER HOUSE OF THE CELL
-makes ATP through cellular respiration

Cristea
function: folds in mitochondria to increase surface area + where cellular respiration happends

Matrix
function: also where cellular respiration happens

Question 7

Describe the chloroplasts

chlorplasts
funtion:
location:

thylakoid:
function:

Granum
function:

Answer 7

chlorplasts
funtion:
location:

thylakoid
function: absorb sunlight for photosythesis

Granum
function: increase surface areas = increase sunlight absorbed
stack of thylakoid

Question 8

What is the endomembrane system?

Answer 8

a ton of organells working together to
1. make, modify, and ship proteins

2. makes and uses lipid-based molecules
3. make chloesteral + bile acids

Question 9

what makes up the endomembrane system?

Answer 9

1. nuclear membrane
2. nuclear pores
3. Rough endoplasmic reticulum
4. smooth endoplasmic reticulum
5. ribosome
6. macromolecules
7. transportation vesicles
8. golgi apparatus

Question 10

What is the function of the golgi apparatus?

Answer 10

sorts, packages, and distributes lipids
makes macromolecules (ex. carbohydrates
makes lysosmers

Question 11

What is the function of smooth vs rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 11

smooth: sythesizes + metabolizes lipid based molecules

rough: protein processing?

Question 12

what is the function of ribosome?