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unit 2 oas 1 Flashcards

1
Q

define anaemia

A

a condition characterised by the body not being able to deliver enough oxygen to the cells due to a lack of healthy red blood cells

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2
Q

define collagen

A

fibrous protein found in connective tissue that is the main component of cartilage, ligaments, tendons, bone and skin

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3
Q

define fortified

A

having a nutrient artificially added to increase nutritional value

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4
Q

define hard tissue

A

tissues in the body that form hard substances such as bones, teeth and cartilage

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5
Q

define soft tissue

A

organs and tissues in the body that connect, support or surround other structures. they include skin, muscles, tendons, ligaments, collagen and organs.

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6
Q

what are the nutrients required for energy production

A

carbohydrates, fats and protein
b-group vitamins
iron
water

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7
Q

what are the nutrients required for blood production

A 
protein
vitamin c
fats
vitamin a
iron
b6, folate and b12
water
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8
Q

nutrients required for soft tissue formation

A 
protein
folate
vitamin c
fats
vitamin a
water
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9
Q

nutrients required for hard tissue formation

A 
protein
vitamin c
vitamin a
calcium
vitamin d
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10
Q

what are the components of blood

A

55% plasma
44% red blood cells
1% white blood cells

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11
Q

how can food models be used as a tool to promote health

A

the food models are visual representations of guidelines 2 and 3 from the Australian Dietary Guidelines. they are used to promote health because…

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12
Q

what are the two diagram models we use to know we are eating the right foods

A

Australian guide to healthy eating

healthy eating pyramid

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13
Q

what are the determinants of health

A

biological
behavioural
physical environment
social environment

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14
Q

behavioural determinants

A 
sun protection
level of physical activity
food intake
substance use
sexual practises
skills in developing and maintaining friendships
seeking help from health professionals
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15
Q

physical environments

A

tobacco smoke in the home
housing environment
work environment
access to recreational facilities

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16
Q

social environments

A 
family cohesion
socioeconomic status of parents
media
community and civic participation
access to education
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17
Q

possible consequences of nutritional imbalance in a youths diet on short term health and individual human development

A

p- can’t learn motor skills of you don’t have the energy to exercise
I- not being able to concentrate at school
e- feel unhappy because of the dental caries they have
s- if your not socialising enough your missing out on social skills
p- not having the energy to exercise
m- becoming stressed over not having the energy to go out and socialise
s- not having the energy to socialise

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18
Q

possible consequences of nutritional imbalance in a youths diet on long term health and individual human development

A

p- slowed growth
I- diseases could lead to having to be in hospital which means the individual is missing out on school
e- feel unhappy because they don’t like the way they look because they are overweight
s- if its a serious condition and the individual is hospitalised, the
p- overweight/obesity
m- self esteem lowers (if has dental caries)
s- discrimination from peers which means the individual wouldn’t want to socialise if being bullied

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19
Q

Define bmr

A

Basal metabolic rate

The amount of energy required to sustain basic functioning of the human body

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20
Q

Factors that influence bmr

A

Age- decrease with age mainly due to lower muscle mass
Growth- require more energy to build tissues and increase blood volume
Body size- larger people have higher bmr because they have more cells
Body type- muscle requires a higher bmr than fat as muscle cells are more active
Dieting- lowers bmr as it can cause the body to reserve energy
Sex- males tend to have a higher bmr because of higher muscle mass
Environmental temp- bmr raises if the body has to work harder to maintain temperature in hot or cold environments

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21
Q

macro nutrients

A

needed by the body in large amounts

carbohydrates, fats and protein

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22
Q

micro nutrients

A

needed in small quantities

vitamins and minerals

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23
Q

Carbohydrates

A

Provide fuel for energy

Glucose is the preferred fuel for energy and carbs are fish in glucose

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24
Q

High Gi

A

Cordial
Lollies
Chocolate
Soft drinks

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25
Low Gi
Potatoes | Pasta
26
why are carbohydrates used for maintaining energy
Glucose is the preferred fuel for energy in the human body and carbohydrates are rich in glucose.
27
In terms of energy production, one gram of carbohydrates will produce
about 16 kJ of energy.
28
how is glucose stored
adipose or fat tissue
29
benefits of fibre
provides a feeling of fullness, so decreases the amount of energy consumed by other foods. reduces the amount 0f cholesterol absorbed which reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease later in life absorbs water which adds bulk to the faeces and decreases the chance of constipation improves overall health as it is usually high in a range of vitamins and nutrients
30
how many grams of fibre should be consumed per day
22-28grams
31
Function of protein
main function is to build, maintain and repair body cells and its second function is to act as fuel for energy when an individuals glucose (from carbohydrate) levels aren't high enough for energy production
32
Protein yields about how many per gram when being used for energy?
17 kJ
33
Function of fats
required for the development and maintenance of cell membranes Important part for a balanced diet for youths
34
what are cells membranes responsible for
maintaining the structure of cells and allowing the transport of nutrients, gases and wastes in and out of the cell
35
what are the four different types of fats
saturated trans poly unsaturated mono unsaturated
36
Mono and poly
Reduce cholesterol levels which help reduce the risk of disease later in life such as heart disease
37
Mono and poly examples
``` Mono Olive oil Cashews and almonds Avocado Poly Omega 3 - fish (oily such as tuna and salmon) Omega 6 - walnuts and Brazil nuts ```
38
Saturated and trans
Increase cholesterol levels and therefore cintrubute to hear disease in the long term
39
Saturated and trans examples
``` Full cream milk Cream Cheese Some fried take away food Most commercially baked goods like pastries and biscuits ```
40
Functions that water has in the body
As a medium for all chemical reactions required to provide energy and produce soft tissue As a key component of many cells, tissues and systems As a key component of blood
41
Function of Calcium
Required for the building of bone such as teeth and Cartilage
42
Calcium examples
Found in most dairy products like milk, cheese and yogurt Sardines and salmon Green leafy veges
43
Calcium deficiency
Osteoporosis Weak bones Fracture
44
Function of iron
Essential part of blood | Forms the haem part of haemoglobin which is the oxygen carrying part of blood
45
Iron deficiency
Anemia Condition characterised by tiredness and weakness Not getting enough oxygen to cells
46
Iron examples
``` Lean Red meat Turkey and chicken Fish Eggs Nuts Leafy green veges ```
47
Vitamin a function
Required for cell division and an important aspect of any growth in the body Promotes the development of bones Assists with development of immune system
48
Vitamin a examples
Red orange and yellow fruit and veges | Like raw carrots sweet potatoes squash spinach and rockmelon
49
Vitamin d function
Absorption of calcium from the intestine into the blood stream
50
Vitamin d deficiency
Lead to low levels of calcium being absorbed and bones becoming weak
51
Vitamin d examples
Exposure to sunlight Fish Small amounts in beef liver, cheese and egg yolks
52
Vitamin c function
Is important for the structure of tissues in the body and is required for building collagen Important in promoting the absorption of iron and is therefore important nutrients in the production of blood
53
Vitamin C examples
Fruits and vegetables Kiwi fruit Broccoli citrus fruits such as oranges and strawberries
54
Vitamins B1, B2 and B3 function
Essential in the process of metabolising or converting the fuels into energy
55
Vitamins b1 b2 and b3 examples
``` Vegemite Whole grain cereals and breads Eggs Meat fish ```
56
Vitamin b1 b2 and b3 deficiency
Lack of energy | Slowed growth of hard and soft tissues
57
Folate b9 fiction
Essential for growth and development. Plays an important role in DNA synthesis and is therefore required for cells to duplicate in periods of growth Development in red blood cells
58
Folate examples
Green leafy veges Citrus fruits Poultry Eggs
59
Folate deficiency
Anemia
60
Vitamin b12 function
Formation of red blood cells | Makes sure red blood cells are the right size and shape to allow oxygen to be transported throughout the body
61
Vitamin b12 example
Meat Eggs Cheese
62
Vitamin b12 deficiency
Anaemia
63
What do the nutrients do in energy production
Carbs fats and proteins - fuel for energy B-group vitamins- allow release of energy Iron- forms a part of haemoglobin, essential for carrying oxygen around the body Water- transports b-group vitamins and is also required for chemical reactions to take place
64
What is the silly sentence for energy production
``` Cute Fluffy penguins bathe in water ```
65
What is the silly sentence for blood production
``` Pandas Care For All In Beautiful Words ```
66
What is the silly sentence for soft tissue formation
``` Pretty Faces Care For A Wash ```
67
What is the silly sentence for hard tissue formation
``` People Can Aquire Calcium Deficiency ```
68
What do the nutrients do for blood production
Protein- main building material for blood components and also forms the globin part of ... Vitamin c- assists in iron absorption Fats- required for the formation of cell membranes Vitamin a- required for cell division Iron- required for haem part of ...production B6, folate and b12- required for DNA synthesis and red blood cell formation Water- the main component of blood
69
What do the nutrients do for soft tissue formation
Protein- main building material Folate- promotes cell division and tissue growth Vitamin c- forms connective tissue. Fats- maintain and develop cell membranes Vitamin a - required for cell division Water- medium for chemical reactions and present in soft tissue cells
70
What do the nutrients do for hard tissue formation
Protein- main building material Vitamin c- forms connective tissue Vitamin a- required for cell division Calcium- works with phosphorus to produce the hardening material for hard tissues Vitamin d- required for the absorption of calcium
71
What is the aim of the ADG and ADHE
Reducing short and long term consequences associated with nutritional imbalance
72
Who is the ADG and ADHE targeted towards
Health professionals, including dietitians, nutritionists, general practitioners (GPs), nurses, educators, government policy makers, the food industry and other interested parties.
73
Difference between the healthy eating pyramid and the AGHE
AGHE recognises the five different foood groups where as the healthy eating oyramid has four layers
74
Behavioural determinants focus
Focus on the desicions people make and how they choose to lead their lives.
75
Physical environment encompasses
Encompasses the physical things that make up the environment such as air and water, and available facilities such as housing, recreation and health care
76
Social environment refers
Refers to the aspects of society and the social environment that impact on health

Health & Human (3 decks)

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