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Health & Human > unit 2 oas 1 > Flashcards

unit 2 oas 1 Flashcards

1
Q

define anaemia

A

a condition characterised by the body not being able to deliver enough oxygen to the cells due to a lack of healthy red blood cells

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2
Q

define collagen

A

fibrous protein found in connective tissue that is the main component of cartilage, ligaments, tendons, bone and skin

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3
Q

define fortified

A

having a nutrient artificially added to increase nutritional value

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4
Q

define hard tissue

A

tissues in the body that form hard substances such as bones, teeth and cartilage

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5
Q

define soft tissue

A

organs and tissues in the body that connect, support or surround other structures. they include skin, muscles, tendons, ligaments, collagen and organs.

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6
Q

what are the nutrients required for energy production

A

carbohydrates, fats and protein
b-group vitamins
iron
water

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7
Q

what are the nutrients required for blood production

A 
protein
vitamin c
fats
vitamin a
iron
b6, folate and b12
water
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8
Q

nutrients required for soft tissue formation

A 
protein
folate
vitamin c
fats
vitamin a
water
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9
Q

nutrients required for hard tissue formation

A 
protein
vitamin c
vitamin a
calcium
vitamin d
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10
Q

what are the components of blood

A

55% plasma
44% red blood cells
1% white blood cells

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11
Q

how can food models be used as a tool to promote health

A

the food models are visual representations of guidelines 2 and 3 from the Australian Dietary Guidelines. they are used to promote health because…

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12
Q

what are the two diagram models we use to know we are eating the right foods

A

Australian guide to healthy eating

healthy eating pyramid

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13
Q

what are the determinants of health

A

biological
behavioural
physical environment
social environment

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14
Q

behavioural determinants

A 
sun protection
level of physical activity
food intake
substance use
sexual practises
skills in developing and maintaining friendships
seeking help from health professionals
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15
Q

physical environments

A

tobacco smoke in the home
housing environment
work environment
access to recreational facilities

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16
Q

social environments

A 
family cohesion
socioeconomic status of parents
media
community and civic participation
access to education
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17
Q

possible consequences of nutritional imbalance in a youths diet on short term health and individual human development

A

p- can’t learn motor skills of you don’t have the energy to exercise
I- not being able to concentrate at school
e- feel unhappy because of the dental caries they have
s- if your not socialising enough your missing out on social skills
p- not having the energy to exercise
m- becoming stressed over not having the energy to go out and socialise
s- not having the energy to socialise

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18
Q

possible consequences of nutritional imbalance in a youths diet on long term health and individual human development

A

p- slowed growth
I- diseases could lead to having to be in hospital which means the individual is missing out on school
e- feel unhappy because they don’t like the way they look because they are overweight
s- if its a serious condition and the individual is hospitalised, the
p- overweight/obesity
m- self esteem lowers (if has dental caries)
s- discrimination from peers which means the individual wouldn’t want to socialise if being bullied

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19
Q

Define bmr

A

Basal metabolic rate

The amount of energy required to sustain basic functioning of the human body

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20
Q

Factors that influence bmr

A

Age- decrease with age mainly due to lower muscle mass
Growth- require more energy to build tissues and increase blood volume
Body size- larger people have higher bmr because they have more cells
Body type- muscle requires a higher bmr than fat as muscle cells are more active
Dieting- lowers bmr as it can cause the body to reserve energy
Sex- males tend to have a higher bmr because of higher muscle mass
Environmental temp- bmr raises if the body has to work harder to maintain temperature in hot or cold environments

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21
Q

macro nutrients

A

needed by the body in large amounts

carbohydrates, fats and protein

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22
Q

micro nutrients

A

needed in small quantities

vitamins and minerals

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23
Q

Carbohydrates

A

Provide fuel for energy

Glucose is the preferred fuel for energy and carbs are fish in glucose

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24
Q

High Gi

A

Cordial
Lollies
Chocolate
Soft drinks

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25
Q

Low Gi

A

Potatoes

Pasta

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26
Q

why are carbohydrates used for maintaining energy

A

Glucose is the preferred fuel for energy in the human body and carbohydrates are rich in glucose.

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27
Q

In terms of energy production, one gram of carbohydrates will produce

A

about 16 kJ of energy.

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28
Q

how is glucose stored

A

adipose or fat tissue

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29
Q

benefits of fibre

A

provides a feeling of fullness, so decreases the amount of energy consumed by other foods.
reduces the amount 0f cholesterol absorbed which reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease later in life
absorbs water which adds bulk to the faeces and decreases the chance of constipation
improves overall health as it is usually high in a range of vitamins and nutrients

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30
Q

how many grams of fibre should be consumed per day

A

22-28grams

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31
Q

Function of protein

A

main function is to build, maintain and repair body cells and its second function is to act as fuel for energy when an individuals glucose (from carbohydrate) levels aren’t high enough for energy production

32
Q

Protein yields about how many per gram when being used for energy?

A

17 kJ

33
Q

Function of fats

A

required for the development and maintenance of cell membranes
Important part for a balanced diet for youths

34
Q

what are cells membranes responsible for

A

maintaining the structure of cells and allowing the transport of nutrients, gases and wastes in and out of the cell

35
Q

what are the four different types of fats

A

saturated
trans
poly unsaturated
mono unsaturated

36
Q

Mono and poly

A

Reduce cholesterol levels which help reduce the risk of disease later in life such as heart disease

37
Q

Mono and poly examples

A 
Mono
Olive oil
Cashews and almonds
Avocado
Poly
Omega 3 - fish (oily such as tuna and salmon) 
Omega 6 - walnuts and Brazil nuts
38
Q

Saturated and trans

A

Increase cholesterol levels and therefore cintrubute to hear disease in the long term

39
Q

Saturated and trans examples

A 
Full cream milk
Cream
Cheese
Some fried take away food
Most commercially baked goods like pastries and biscuits
40
Q

Functions that water has in the body

A

As a medium for all chemical reactions required to provide energy and produce soft tissue
As a key component of many cells, tissues and systems
As a key component of blood

41
Q

Function of Calcium

A

Required for the building of bone such as teeth and Cartilage

42
Q

Calcium examples

A

Found in most dairy products like milk, cheese and yogurt
Sardines and salmon
Green leafy veges

43
Q

Calcium deficiency

A

Osteoporosis
Weak bones
Fracture

44
Q

Function of iron

A

Essential part of blood

Forms the haem part of haemoglobin which is the oxygen carrying part of blood

45
Q

Iron deficiency

A

Anemia
Condition characterised by tiredness and weakness
Not getting enough oxygen to cells

46
Q

Iron examples

A 
Lean Red meat
Turkey and chicken
Fish
Eggs
Nuts
Leafy green veges
47
Q

Vitamin a function

A

Required for cell division and an important aspect of any growth in the body
Promotes the development of bones
Assists with development of immune system

48
Q

Vitamin a examples

A

Red orange and yellow fruit and veges

Like raw carrots sweet potatoes squash spinach and rockmelon

49
Q

Vitamin d function

A

Absorption of calcium from the intestine into the blood stream

50
Q

Vitamin d deficiency

A

Lead to low levels of calcium being absorbed and bones becoming weak

51
Q

Vitamin d examples

A

Exposure to sunlight
Fish
Small amounts in beef liver, cheese and egg yolks

52
Q

Vitamin c function

A

Is important for the structure of tissues in the body and is required for building collagen
Important in promoting the absorption of iron and is therefore important nutrients in the production of blood

53
Q

Vitamin C examples

A

Fruits and vegetables
Kiwi fruit
Broccoli
citrus fruits such as oranges and strawberries

54
Q

Vitamins B1, B2 and B3 function

A

Essential in the process of metabolising or converting the fuels into energy

55
Q

Vitamins b1 b2 and b3 examples

A 
Vegemite
Whole grain cereals and breads
Eggs 
Meat 
fish
56
Q

Vitamin b1 b2 and b3 deficiency

A

Lack of energy

Slowed growth of hard and soft tissues

57
Q

Folate b9 fiction

A

Essential for growth and development. Plays an important role in DNA synthesis and is therefore required for cells to duplicate in periods of growth
Development in red blood cells

58
Q

Folate examples

A

Green leafy veges
Citrus fruits
Poultry
Eggs

59
Q

Folate deficiency

A

Anemia

60
Q

Vitamin b12 function

A

Formation of red blood cells

Makes sure red blood cells are the right size and shape to allow oxygen to be transported throughout the body

61
Q

Vitamin b12 example

A

Meat
Eggs
Cheese

62
Q

Vitamin b12 deficiency

A

Anaemia

63
Q

What do the nutrients do in energy production

A

Carbs fats and proteins - fuel for energy
B-group vitamins- allow release of energy
Iron- forms a part of haemoglobin, essential for carrying oxygen around the body
Water- transports b-group vitamins and is also required for chemical reactions to take place

64
Q

What is the silly sentence for energy production

A 
Cute
Fluffy
penguins
bathe
in
water
65
Q

What is the silly sentence for blood production

A 
Pandas
Care
For
All
In 
Beautiful
Words
66
Q

What is the silly sentence for soft tissue formation

A 
Pretty
Faces
Care
For
A 
Wash
67
Q

What is the silly sentence for hard tissue formation

A 
People
Can
Aquire
Calcium
Deficiency
68
Q

What do the nutrients do for blood production

A

Protein- main building material for blood components and also forms the globin part of …
Vitamin c- assists in iron absorption
Fats- required for the formation of cell membranes
Vitamin a- required for cell division
Iron- required for haem part of …production
B6, folate and b12- required for DNA synthesis and red blood cell formation
Water- the main component of blood

69
Q

What do the nutrients do for soft tissue formation

A

Protein- main building material
Folate- promotes cell division and tissue growth
Vitamin c- forms connective tissue.
Fats- maintain and develop cell membranes
Vitamin a - required for cell division
Water- medium for chemical reactions and present in soft tissue cells

70
Q

What do the nutrients do for hard tissue formation

A

Protein- main building material
Vitamin c- forms connective tissue
Vitamin a- required for cell division
Calcium- works with phosphorus to produce the hardening material for hard tissues
Vitamin d- required for the absorption of calcium

71
Q

What is the aim of the ADG and ADHE

A

Reducing short and long term consequences associated with nutritional imbalance

72
Q

Who is the ADG and ADHE targeted towards

A

Health professionals, including dietitians, nutritionists, general practitioners (GPs), nurses, educators, government policy makers, the food industry and other interested parties.

73
Q

Difference between the healthy eating pyramid and the AGHE

A

AGHE recognises the five different foood groups where as the healthy eating oyramid has four layers

74
Q

Behavioural determinants focus

A

Focus on the desicions people make and how they choose to lead their lives.

75
Q

Physical environment encompasses

A

Encompasses the physical things that make up the environment such as air and water, and available facilities such as housing, recreation and health care

76
Q

Social environment refers

A

Refers to the aspects of society and the social environment that impact on health

Health & Human (3 decks)

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