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Health & Human > unit 1 oas 1 > Flashcards

unit 1 oas 1 Flashcards

1
Q

individual human development

A

the series of orderly, predictable changes that occur from conception until death.

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2
Q

physical development

A

refers to the changes that happen to the body and its systems. an example is changes in height (external) and increasing size of the heart (internal)

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3
Q

social development

A 
refers to the social skills and behaviours that are learnt from a young age. examples; 
behaviours
social roles and expectations
values and beliefs
communication skills
relationships
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4
Q

emotional development

A 
refers to the full range of emotions, and learning appropriate ways of dealing with and expressing these emotions. examples;
self concept
awareness of emotions
management of emotions 
appropriate expression of feelings
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5
Q

intellectual development

A 
refers both to the processes that occur within the brain and to the increasing complexity of the brain  
knowledge
language
attention
memory
thought patterns 
creativity and imagination
problem solving
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6
Q

gross motor skills

A 
refer to movements that involve large muscle groups such as;
walking
throwing
skipping
kicking
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7
Q

fine motor skills

A 
involve control over the smaller muscle groups such as;
writing
tying shoelace
cutting with scissors
manipulating the mouth to speak
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8
Q

complexity

A

the quality of being intricate or complex

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9
Q

hormone

A
  • a chemical messenger that results in changes in the body
  • essential for metabolism, growth, cell death, the menstrual cycle in women and puberty in youths
  • influence when and how quickly an individual develops
  • rate and timing
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10
Q

primary sex characteristics

A

body parts that are directly involved in reproduction and form what are commonly referred to as genitals and organs of reproduction
examples;
first ovulation
first menstruation
penis enlarges
first ejaculation
genitals and internal sex organs enlarge in size

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11
Q

secondary sex characteristics

A 
traits arising from changes in both males and females at puberty. they are neither directly related to reproduction nor present at birth. 
examples;
body hair
breasts develop
hips widen
shoulders broaden (men)
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12
Q

developmental milestones

A 
a significant skill or event occurring in a persons life 
example;
learning to walk
getting a job
graduating 
having kids
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13
Q

biological determinant

A

factors relating to the body that affect health e.g. genetics, hormones, body weight

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14
Q

adolescent growth spurt

A

a period of rapid physical growth experienced during puberty
one of the most easily recognisable signs of puberty
individual will grow at fastest rate since infancy
occurs for girls - 10-13
occurs for boys - 12-15
lasts for two to three years
change in height and body compositions

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15
Q

abstract thought

A

a complex thought process where ideas are the focus rather than tangible objects

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16
Q

concrete thought

A

a simple thought process that centres on objects and the physical environment

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17
Q

self esteem

A

refers to how people feel about themselves. its a person’s overall sense of self-worth or personal value.

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18
Q

self concept

A

refers to how people see themselves and view themselves in different aspects such as academic ability, social skills and physical capabilites

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19
Q

youth

A

12-18 years of age

classifications of youth can differ across agencies (VCAA)

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20
Q

genetic potential

A

the genetic capabilities and limitations of an individuals genetic make-up
an example of not reaching your genetic potential is a person has a genetic potential to be tall but the individual might not consume sufficient nutrition and so could end up shorter than the maximum height possible

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21
Q

BMI

A

body mass index

a measure of body mass to height, used to ascertain overweight and obesity levels

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22
Q

physical health

A 
the efficient functioning of the body and its systems and includes the physical capacity to perform tasks and physical fitness 
example;
energy levels
body weight
blood pressure and cholesterol
functioning of body systems
levels if illness
feelings of physical wellbeing
physical fitness
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23
Q

social health

A

being able to interact with others and participate in the community in both an independent and cooperative way;
friendship networks
being apart of a group/ team
relationships with family members
social needs met
state of relationship with school/workmates

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24
Q

mental health

A 
state of wellbeing in which the individual realises his or her own capabilities, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully and is able to make a contribution to his or her community ;
self esteem
confidence
levels of stress
feelings
thought patterns
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25
Q

conception age and characteristics

A

characteristics:
-development of the body’s organs and structures, and substantial growth
-38 weeks
-fastest growth period of all the human lifespan stages
conception-birth

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26
Q

infancy age and characteristics

A

birth til 2nd birthday

  • rapid growth
  • developed their motor skills
  • can walk, use simple words and identify familiar people to them
27
Q

early childhood age and characteristics

A

2-6

  • slow and steady growth
  • learns social skills allowing them to interact with other people
  • become toilet trained
  • eat at the table
28
Q

late childhood age and characteristics

A

6-12

  • slow and steady growth
  • pies changes that occur in this stage
  • refining reading and writing skills
  • developing long term memory
  • understanding gender stereotypes
  • refining motor skills
29
Q

youth age and characteristics

A

12-18

  • rapid growth
  • increased independence
  • sexual maturity
  • this stage is necessary for the individual to achieve sexual maturity and the ability to reproduce
  • significant social emotional and intellectual changes
  • development if life goals
  • more complex relationships
30
Q

early adulthood age and characteristics

A

18-40

  • body reaching its physical peak (around age of 25-30)
  • decide on a career
  • choose life partner
  • get married
  • have kids
  • pies changes
31
Q

middle adulthood age and characteristics

A

40-65

  • stability in work and relationships
  • further development of identity including the maturation of values and beliefs, financial security, physical signs of ageing and, for women, menopause
  • individuals children may leave home and give the parents a new sense of freedom or a sense of loss or loneliness (referred to as ‘empty nest syndrome’)
  • may experience the joy of becoming grandparents
32
Q

late adulthood age and characteristics

A

65+

  • retirement
  • greater participation of voluntary work
  • leisure activities such as golf or bowls
  • may experience grief over the death of friends or spouse
  • reflect on their lives and achievements
33
Q

interrelationships

A

ask about this

34
Q

physical development during youth

A

rapid growth - adolescent growth spurt - girls 10-13 boys 12-15 and goes for 2-3 years
puberty - triggered by hormones - pituitary gland
girls- hips widen, fat deposits in hips and thighs
boys- muscular mass, broadening shoulders
both develop better motor skills
brain continues to increase in complexity

35
Q

biological determinants - genetics

A

refers to the biological information that is passed down from your parents
physical appearance is determined by genetics

36
Q

biological determinants - hormonal changes

A

responsible for the process of puberty

hormones are released by glands

37
Q

what is the endocrine system made up of

A

the series of glands in the body

38
Q

biological determinants - body weight

A
  • maintaining a healthy body weight is beneficial for development in youth
  • genetics play a role in body weight, as does food intake
  • risks of malnutrition and unhealthy body weight if not eating correctly
  • measured with a bmi chart
39
Q

LH

A

luteinising hormone

released from the pituitary gland

40
Q

what is the hormone that starts puberty

A

GnRH

41
Q

where is GnRH released

A

hypothalamus

42
Q

what does GnRH do

A

triggers the pituitary gland to release two more hormones, LH and FSH

43
Q

what does LH and FSH do to the ovaries

A

stimulate the production and release of oestrogen

44
Q

what does LH and FSH do to the testes

A

cause them to produce and release testosterone

45
Q

what does the thyroid gland do

A

produces the hormone thyroxine which regulates the rate of metabolism in the body
essential to regulate the energy produced, development of nervous system and muscles and for the growth of long bones

46
Q

growth hormone

A

released form the pituitary gland

increases the rate of growth and leads to the growth spurt in youth

47
Q

what are the two hormones released from the ovaries

A

oestrogen and progestegon

48
Q

what is the hormone reared from the testes

A

testosterone

49
Q

what is testosterone responsible for

A

the development of the male reproductive organs
produces muscle development
voice change
facial hair

50
Q

what is oestrogen responsible for

A

the development of the female reproductive organs
increases fat deposits
promotes breast development
plays a role in regulating the menstrual cycle

51
Q

cephalocaudal

A

refers to growth and development that occurs from the head down

52
Q

proximodistal

A

refers to growth and development that occurs from the centre of the body outwards.

53
Q

emotional development in youth

A

becoming self conscious in early stages of youth but then some to realise that they shouldn’t care what other think of them and that they should be happy with who they are
may seek emotional independence foe example solving their own problems instead of consulting parents
might experience emotions such as love and lust

54
Q

social development in youth

A

gone from being essentially dependent on parents to largely independent
communication skills are further developed

55
Q

intellectual development in youth

A

reasoning skills increase
the ability to create hypothetical solutions and evaluate the best options develops
focus on the future increases
thinking becomes more informed
more complex concepts are learned at school

56
Q

spermarche

A

a males first ejaculation

57
Q

menstruation

A

the discharge of blood and other tissue from the uterus that marks the beginning of the menstrual cycle

58
Q

determinants of health

A

factors that raise or lower the level of health in a population or individual

59
Q

optimal health

A

the highest level an individual can realistically attain

60
Q

development antonyms

A

P-hysical
I-ntellectual
E-motional
S-ocial

61
Q

health antonyms

A

P-hysical
M-ental
S-ocial

62
Q

determinants antonyms

A

B-iological
B-ehavioural
S-ocial environment
P-hysical environment

63
Q

life expectancy

A

an indication of how long a person can expect to live

64
Q

example of concrete and abstract thought

A

concrete- building something with blocks informs of you

abstract- imagining building something without having to see the blocks in from of you

Health & Human (3 decks)

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