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unit 1 oas 1 Flashcards

1
Q

individual human development

A

the series of orderly, predictable changes that occur from conception until death.

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2
Q

physical development

A

refers to the changes that happen to the body and its systems. an example is changes in height (external) and increasing size of the heart (internal)

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3
Q

social development

A 
refers to the social skills and behaviours that are learnt from a young age. examples; 
behaviours
social roles and expectations
values and beliefs
communication skills
relationships
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4
Q

emotional development

A 
refers to the full range of emotions, and learning appropriate ways of dealing with and expressing these emotions. examples;
self concept
awareness of emotions
management of emotions 
appropriate expression of feelings
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5
Q

intellectual development

A 
refers both to the processes that occur within the brain and to the increasing complexity of the brain  
knowledge
language
attention
memory
thought patterns 
creativity and imagination
problem solving
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6
Q

gross motor skills

A 
refer to movements that involve large muscle groups such as;
walking
throwing
skipping
kicking
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7
Q

fine motor skills

A 
involve control over the smaller muscle groups such as;
writing
tying shoelace
cutting with scissors
manipulating the mouth to speak
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8
Q

complexity

A

the quality of being intricate or complex

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9
Q

hormone

A
  • a chemical messenger that results in changes in the body
  • essential for metabolism, growth, cell death, the menstrual cycle in women and puberty in youths
  • influence when and how quickly an individual develops
  • rate and timing
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10
Q

primary sex characteristics

A

body parts that are directly involved in reproduction and form what are commonly referred to as genitals and organs of reproduction
examples;
first ovulation
first menstruation
penis enlarges
first ejaculation
genitals and internal sex organs enlarge in size

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11
Q

secondary sex characteristics

A 
traits arising from changes in both males and females at puberty. they are neither directly related to reproduction nor present at birth. 
examples;
body hair
breasts develop
hips widen
shoulders broaden (men)
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12
Q

developmental milestones

A 
a significant skill or event occurring in a persons life 
example;
learning to walk
getting a job
graduating 
having kids
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13
Q

biological determinant

A

factors relating to the body that affect health e.g. genetics, hormones, body weight

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14
Q

adolescent growth spurt

A

a period of rapid physical growth experienced during puberty
one of the most easily recognisable signs of puberty
individual will grow at fastest rate since infancy
occurs for girls - 10-13
occurs for boys - 12-15
lasts for two to three years
change in height and body compositions

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15
Q

abstract thought

A

a complex thought process where ideas are the focus rather than tangible objects

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16
Q

concrete thought

A

a simple thought process that centres on objects and the physical environment

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17
Q

self esteem

A

refers to how people feel about themselves. its a person’s overall sense of self-worth or personal value.

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18
Q

self concept

A

refers to how people see themselves and view themselves in different aspects such as academic ability, social skills and physical capabilites

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19
Q

youth

A

12-18 years of age

classifications of youth can differ across agencies (VCAA)

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20
Q

genetic potential

A

the genetic capabilities and limitations of an individuals genetic make-up
an example of not reaching your genetic potential is a person has a genetic potential to be tall but the individual might not consume sufficient nutrition and so could end up shorter than the maximum height possible

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21
Q

BMI

A

body mass index

a measure of body mass to height, used to ascertain overweight and obesity levels

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22
Q

physical health

A 
the efficient functioning of the body and its systems and includes the physical capacity to perform tasks and physical fitness 
example;
energy levels
body weight
blood pressure and cholesterol
functioning of body systems
levels if illness
feelings of physical wellbeing
physical fitness
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23
Q

social health

A

being able to interact with others and participate in the community in both an independent and cooperative way;
friendship networks
being apart of a group/ team
relationships with family members
social needs met
state of relationship with school/workmates

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24
Q

mental health

A 
state of wellbeing in which the individual realises his or her own capabilities, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully and is able to make a contribution to his or her community ;
self esteem
confidence
levels of stress
feelings
thought patterns
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25
conception age and characteristics
characteristics: -development of the body's organs and structures, and substantial growth -38 weeks -fastest growth period of all the human lifespan stages conception-birth
26
infancy age and characteristics
birth til 2nd birthday - rapid growth - developed their motor skills - can walk, use simple words and identify familiar people to them
27
early childhood age and characteristics
2-6 - slow and steady growth - learns social skills allowing them to interact with other people - become toilet trained - eat at the table
28
late childhood age and characteristics
6-12 - slow and steady growth - pies changes that occur in this stage - refining reading and writing skills - developing long term memory - understanding gender stereotypes - refining motor skills
29
youth age and characteristics
12-18 - rapid growth - increased independence - sexual maturity - this stage is necessary for the individual to achieve sexual maturity and the ability to reproduce - significant social emotional and intellectual changes - development if life goals - more complex relationships
30
early adulthood age and characteristics
18-40 - body reaching its physical peak (around age of 25-30) - decide on a career - choose life partner - get married - have kids - pies changes
31
middle adulthood age and characteristics
40-65 - stability in work and relationships - further development of identity including the maturation of values and beliefs, financial security, physical signs of ageing and, for women, menopause - individuals children may leave home and give the parents a new sense of freedom or a sense of loss or loneliness (referred to as 'empty nest syndrome') - may experience the joy of becoming grandparents
32
late adulthood age and characteristics
65+ - retirement - greater participation of voluntary work - leisure activities such as golf or bowls - may experience grief over the death of friends or spouse - reflect on their lives and achievements
33
interrelationships
ask about this
34
physical development during youth
rapid growth - adolescent growth spurt - girls 10-13 boys 12-15 and goes for 2-3 years puberty - triggered by hormones - pituitary gland girls- hips widen, fat deposits in hips and thighs boys- muscular mass, broadening shoulders both develop better motor skills brain continues to increase in complexity
35
biological determinants - genetics
refers to the biological information that is passed down from your parents physical appearance is determined by genetics
36
biological determinants - hormonal changes
responsible for the process of puberty | hormones are released by glands
37
what is the endocrine system made up of
the series of glands in the body
38
biological determinants - body weight
- maintaining a healthy body weight is beneficial for development in youth - genetics play a role in body weight, as does food intake - risks of malnutrition and unhealthy body weight if not eating correctly - measured with a bmi chart
39
LH
luteinising hormone | released from the pituitary gland
40
what is the hormone that starts puberty
GnRH
41
where is GnRH released
hypothalamus
42
what does GnRH do
triggers the pituitary gland to release two more hormones, LH and FSH
43
what does LH and FSH do to the ovaries
stimulate the production and release of oestrogen
44
what does LH and FSH do to the testes
cause them to produce and release testosterone
45
what does the thyroid gland do
produces the hormone thyroxine which regulates the rate of metabolism in the body essential to regulate the energy produced, development of nervous system and muscles and for the growth of long bones
46
growth hormone
released form the pituitary gland | increases the rate of growth and leads to the growth spurt in youth
47
what are the two hormones released from the ovaries
oestrogen and progestegon
48
what is the hormone reared from the testes
testosterone
49
what is testosterone responsible for
the development of the male reproductive organs produces muscle development voice change facial hair
50
what is oestrogen responsible for
the development of the female reproductive organs increases fat deposits promotes breast development plays a role in regulating the menstrual cycle
51
cephalocaudal
refers to growth and development that occurs from the head down
52
proximodistal
refers to growth and development that occurs from the centre of the body outwards.
53
emotional development in youth
becoming self conscious in early stages of youth but then some to realise that they shouldn't care what other think of them and that they should be happy with who they are may seek emotional independence foe example solving their own problems instead of consulting parents might experience emotions such as love and lust
54
social development in youth
gone from being essentially dependent on parents to largely independent communication skills are further developed
55
intellectual development in youth
reasoning skills increase the ability to create hypothetical solutions and evaluate the best options develops focus on the future increases thinking becomes more informed more complex concepts are learned at school
56
spermarche
a males first ejaculation
57
menstruation
the discharge of blood and other tissue from the uterus that marks the beginning of the menstrual cycle
58
determinants of health
factors that raise or lower the level of health in a population or individual
59
optimal health
the highest level an individual can realistically attain
60
development antonyms
P-hysical I-ntellectual E-motional S-ocial
61
health antonyms
P-hysical M-ental S-ocial
62
determinants antonyms
B-iological B-ehavioural S-ocial environment P-hysical environment
63
life expectancy
an indication of how long a person can expect to live
64
example of concrete and abstract thought
concrete- building something with blocks informs of you | abstract- imagining building something without having to see the blocks in from of you

Health & Human (3 decks)

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