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AP Psychology > Unit 2: Neuroscience Pt. 2 > Flashcards

Unit 2: Neuroscience Pt. 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Pituitary Gland

A

secrets trophic hormones

trophic hormones instruct other glands to produce more hormones

part of endocrine system

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2
Q

Endocrine System

Hypothalamus

A

recieves sensory information, coordinates a response, and then sends trophic hormones to the pituitary gland

link between the nervous system and the endocrine system

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3
Q

Adrenal Glands

A

located above the kidneys

corresponds with the sympathetic nervous system to crdinate a fight or flight response.
- secrets epinephrine and norepinephrine
-

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4
Q

Subcortical structures

A
  • Hindbrain
  • Midbrain
  • Forebrain

everything under the cerebral cortex

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5
Q

Hindbrain

A
  • Medulla
  • Pons
  • Cerebellum
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6
Q

Hindbrain/Brain stem

Medulla

A

base of the brain stem
manages vital automatic functions

ex. heart beat

part of the brain stem

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7
Q

Hindbrain/Brain stem

Pons

A

transports information from the motor cortex to the cerebellum

Part of the brain stem

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8
Q

Midbrain

A

posture, walking, eye movements

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9
Q

Midbrain/Brain stem

Reticular Formation

A

a nerve network that travels through the brainstem and thalamus and plays an important role in controlling arousal

also helps with habituation by filtering out unnecessary sensory info

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10
Q

Forebrain

Thalamus

A

the brain’s sensory control center located on top of the brain stem
Directs messages to the sensory recieving areas in the cortex and transmits replies t the cerebellum and medulla.

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11
Q

Hindbrain/”the little brain”

Cerebellum

A

located at the rear of the brainstem; functions include prcessing sensory input, coordinating movement output and balance, and enabling nonverbal learning and memory

works in classical condition

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12
Q

Forebrain

Limbic System

A

neural system located below the cerebral hemispheres, association with emotion and drive

  1. Hypothalamus
  2. Amygdala
  3. Hippocampus
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13
Q

**Limbic System

Hypothalamus

A

hypo = below (the thalamus)

directs maintenance activities (eating, drinking, body temperature), helps govern the endocrine system

the reward center

Reward centers are stimulated when essential needs are met (eat, sleep, drink, etc.)

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14
Q

Limbic System

Hippocampus

A

involved in declarative memory formation

looks like a hearing aid

Declarative memory - explicit memory - conscious recollection of particular facts and events.

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15
Q

Limbic system

Amygdala

A

lima-bean-shaped neural clusters

involved in strong (evolutionarily beneficial) emotions: fear, aggression, etc.

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16
Q

Corpus Callosum

A

axon fibers connecting the two hemispheres of the brain

17
Q

The cerebral cortex

A
  1. Frontal lobe
  2. Parietal Lobe
  3. Occipital Lobe
  4. Temporal Lobe
18
Q

Frontal Lobe

A

involved in speaking, cognition, making plans and judgements, personality, etc

19
Q

Frontal Lobe

Motor cortex

and the motor homunculous

A

located in the frontal lobe

motor info goes from motor cortext to thalamus to cerebellum

20
Q

Frontal Lobe

Brocha’s area

A

involved in speech production

people with issues with Brocha’s area can understand speech but can’t produce it

21
Q

Temporal Lobe

A

above the ears

involved in audition, smell, and facial recognition

holds the auditory cortex and olfactory cortex

22
Q

Temporal Lobe

Wernike’s area

A

deals with producing coherent speech

Problems: can’t comprehend language
- word salad

23
Q

Occipital Lobe

A

visual cortex

uses contralateral processing

24
Q

Parietal Lobe

A

recieves input from touch and bodily position

25
Q

Parietal Lobe

Somatosensory cortex

A

right behind the motor cortex

the area in the cortex dedicated to one body part is proportional to how sensitive that body part is

26
Q

Brain Imaging Tenchniques

A
  1. MRI
  2. PET scan
  3. EEG
  4. CT Scan
  5. fMRI
27
Q

MRI

A

magnetic resonance imaging - uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce computer-generated images of soft tissue

shows anatomy, not function

28
Q

PET scan

A

positron emission topography - displays brain activity by detecting where (radioactive) glucose travels while preforming tasks

must ingest glucose

29
Q

EEG

A

strap electrodes to scale

measures electrical activity in waves

30
Q

CT/CAT Scan

A

computed topography scan - takes x-ray photographs from different angles and combines then into a composition of a slice of the brain’s structure

31
Q

fMRI

A

function magnetic resonance imaging - revelas bloodflow and brain activityy by comparing successive MRI scans

AP Psychology (6 decks)

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