Unit 2 - Neurophysiology Flashcards
main parts of the neuron (4)
soma
dendrites
axon
axon terminals
soma
cell body
- contains nucleus and all biosynthetic machinery
- center of chemical processes -> keeps cell functioning and alive
nuclei? ganglia?
clusters of cell bodies (CNS)
clusters of cell bodies (PNS)
direction of dendrite
TOWARD soma
direction of axon
AWAY from soma
tracts/nerves?
bundle of axons in CNS
bundle of axons in PNS
neurons classified by structure (5)
pseudounipolar
bipolar
anaxonic
multipolar - CNS
multipolar - efferent
pseudounipolar
somatic sensory neurons
axon & dendrite fuse during development into a single process
bipolar
smell/vision sensory neurons
contain a single axon & dendrite
anaxonic
interneuron w no apparent axon
multipolar - CNS
highly branched neurons -> numerous dendries
no long extensions for axon
multipolar - efferent
contain 5-7 dendrites
single long axon
neuron classified by function (3)
afferent (sensory) neurons
interneurons
efferent (motor) neurons
afferent (sensory) neurons
- receive info from receptor cells
- transmit sensory info TO CNS
- cell bodies located outside CNS
- long cytoplasmic extensions transmit info to cells (interneurons) within CNS
interneurons
- located inside CNS
- 96% of neurons
- transmit info signals in CNS (laterally-spinal cord; vertically-brain)
- integrate info from afferent neurons + previous info -> transmit signals to efferent neurons
efferent (motor) neurons
- receive info from interneurons
- efferent neuron cell bodies in CNS
- cytoplasmic extensions transmit info to Effectors (e.g. muscles, glands)
PNS glial cells types (2)
schwann cells
satellite cells
function of satellite cells
non-myelinated
support soma
CNS Glial Cell Types (4)
Oligodendria
Astroglia
Microglia
Ependymal
astroglia
small star-shaped cells
- contract blood vessels and neurons
maintain neuron microenvironment -> helps maintain homeostasis in ECF around neurons
microglia
v small specialized immune cell
- remove damaged cells and foreign invaders
ependymal
epithelial cells that produce cerebral spinal fluid (CSF)
- create selectively permeable barrier between brain compartments
Nerst Equation vs Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz Equation
equilibrium potential for ONE ion vs membrane potential for multiple ions
