Unit 2 - Natures Chemistry Flashcards
What is a homologous series?
Family of compounds which share the same chemical properties and the same general formula
What do the hydrocarbons in the same homologous series share?
Same chemical properties
Same general formula
Different physical properties
What do saturated hydrocarbons have?
C-C single bond
What do unsaturated hydrocarbons contain?
Double/triple C=C bonds
What is the process of addition?
When a double bond is added onto an unsaturated hydrocarbons
What hydrocarbons are usually involved with Addition?
Alkenes, hydrogens, halogens, hydrogen halide (HCl) and water
How is an alkane produced?
When a Alkene reacts with a hydrogen
How do you test for unsaturation?
Add few drops of bromine water to solution/substance. If it quickly decolorises then it is unsaturated
What is the general formula of alkanes?
CnH2n+2
What is the general formula for Cycloalkanes?
CnH2n
What is the general formula for Alkenes?
CnH2n
How do you name Alkenes?
Look for longest chain of carbons
Find which side the double bond is closest to
Label that end carbon C1
If any branches then give them position
Give double bond position
Position of double bond goes inside name of longest chain
How do you name Alkanes?
Look for longest continuous chain of carbons
Go to end carbon name it C1
Look for any branches
Give branch position based on c1
Position of branch comes before the alkane type and name
What are the different structural formulas?
Full structural formula
Shortened structural formula
Molecular formula
What are isomers?
Same molecular formula DIFFERENT FULL STRUCTURAL FORMULA
What do isomers have?
Different boiling and melting points
What are carboxylic acids?
They react with alcohols to produce esters
What is the process called when an alcohol reacts with carboxylic acids?
Esterification
What do esters react with?
Metals, oxides, hydroxides and carbonates
How are carboxylic acids identified?
by the COOH
And
-oic
What are Cycloalkanes?
Ring shaped alkanes
What are the uses of esters?
Flavourings, industrial solvent, fragrances and materials
How would you calculate the different quantities of energy produced?
Eh=cm(delta)T
What is a hydrocarbon?
Compound containing hydrogen so and carbons
What happens when you go up the fractionating column?
Lower boiling points, lower viscosity (flow more easily), higher flammability.
What does it mean when hydrocarbons have small molecules?
That it is better to use as a fuel than hydrocarbons that have bigger molecules
What happens when you go up the fractionating column?
Lower boiling points, lower viscosity (flow more easily), higher flammability.
What does it mean when hydrocarbons have small molecules?
That it is better to use as a fuel than hydrocarbons that have bigger molecules
How can we identify an ester?
Ends in -oate
Contains ester link: -C-O-
What are the two ways that halo alkanes can be produced?
Alkene+halogen
And
Alkene+hydrogen halide
