Unit 2 - Natures Chemistry

Question 1

What is a homologous series?

Answer 1

Family of compounds which share the same chemical properties and the same general formula

Question 2

What do the hydrocarbons in the same homologous series share?

Answer 2

Same chemical properties
Same general formula
Different physical properties

Question 3

What do saturated hydrocarbons have?

Answer 3

C-C single bond

Question 4

What do unsaturated hydrocarbons contain?

Answer 4

Double/triple C=C bonds

Question 5

What is the process of addition?

Answer 5

When a double bond is added onto an unsaturated hydrocarbons

Question 6

What hydrocarbons are usually involved with Addition?

Answer 6

Alkenes, hydrogens, halogens, hydrogen halide (HCl) and water

Question 7

How is an alkane produced?

Answer 7

When a Alkene reacts with a hydrogen

Question 8

How do you test for unsaturation?

Answer 8

Add few drops of bromine water to solution/substance. If it quickly decolorises then it is unsaturated

Question 9

What is the general formula of alkanes?

Answer 9

CnH2n+2

Question 10

What is the general formula for Cycloalkanes?

Answer 10

CnH2n

Question 11

What is the general formula for Alkenes?

Answer 11

CnH2n

Question 12

How do you name Alkenes?

Answer 12

Look for longest chain of carbons
Find which side the double bond is closest to
Label that end carbon C1
If any branches then give them position
Give double bond position
Position of double bond goes inside name of longest chain

Question 13

How do you name Alkanes?

Answer 13

Look for longest continuous chain of carbons
Go to end carbon name it C1
Look for any branches
Give branch position based on c1
Position of branch comes before the alkane type and name

Question 14

What are the different structural formulas?

Answer 14

Full structural formula
Shortened structural formula
Molecular formula

Question 15

What are isomers?

Answer 15

Same molecular formula DIFFERENT FULL STRUCTURAL FORMULA

Question 16

What do isomers have?

Answer 16

Different boiling and melting points

Question 17

What are carboxylic acids?

Answer 17

They react with alcohols to produce esters

Question 18

What is the process called when an alcohol reacts with carboxylic acids?

Answer 18

Esterification

Question 19

What do esters react with?

Answer 19

Metals, oxides, hydroxides and carbonates

Question 20

How are carboxylic acids identified?

Answer 20

by the COOH
And
-oic

Question 21

What are Cycloalkanes?

Answer 21

Ring shaped alkanes

Question 22

What are the uses of esters?

Answer 22

Flavourings, industrial solvent, fragrances and materials

Question 23

How would you calculate the different quantities of energy produced?

Answer 23

Eh=cm(delta)T

Question 24

What is a hydrocarbon?

Answer 24

Compound containing hydrogen so and carbons

Question 25

What happens when you go up the fractionating column?

Answer 25

Lower boiling points, lower viscosity (flow more easily), higher flammability.

Question 26

What does it mean when hydrocarbons have small molecules?

Answer 26

That it is better to use as a fuel than hydrocarbons that have bigger molecules

Question 27

What happens when you go up the fractionating column?

Answer 27

Lower boiling points, lower viscosity (flow more easily), higher flammability.

Question 28

What does it mean when hydrocarbons have small molecules?

Answer 28

That it is better to use as a fuel than hydrocarbons that have bigger molecules

Question 29

How can we identify an ester?

Answer 29

Ends in -oate

Contains ester link: -C-O-

Question 30

What are the two ways that halo alkanes can be produced?

Answer 30

Alkene+halogen
And
Alkene+hydrogen halide