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Physics > Unit 2 - Motion And Forces > Flashcards

Unit 2 - Motion And Forces Flashcards

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1
Q

How might someone have constant speed but a changing velocity

A

Changing direction

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2
Q

Why is acceleration a vector quantity

A

It has a direction and magnitude

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3
Q

Then a diagram, what represents the size of a force

A

By the length of the arrow

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4
Q

What is the thrust?

A

The push force on an object

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5
Q

What is the resultant force

A

The force on an object that creates the overall effect

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6
Q

Wha are balanced forces

A

When the resultant force equals 0

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7
Q

What are unbalanced forces

A

When the resultant forces don’t equal 0

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8
Q

What is Newton’s first law?

A

A moving object will continue to move at the same speed and direction unless an external force acts on it
A stationary object will remain at rest unless an external force acts on it

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9
Q

What forces change the velocity of an object

A

Unbalanced forces

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10
Q

What is the centripetal force?

A

A force that acts on a moving object in a circular path and is directed towards the centre which the object is circuling

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11
Q

What forces can make objects move in circular paths (3)

A

Centripetal force, gravity and friction

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12
Q

For a motorbike, what provides the centripetal force?

A

Friction between the tyres and the road

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13
Q

What is mass

A

The quantity of matter in an object

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14
Q

What is weight?

A

A measure of the pull of gravity on an object

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15
Q

What are the units for mass

A

Kg

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16
Q

What are the units for weight?

A

Newton’s (N)

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17
Q

How can weight be measured

A

Using a force meter

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18
Q

What is the GFS on Earth?

A

10N/Kg

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19
Q

What is the symbol equation for weight?

A

W = m x g

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20
Q

How can a skydiver stop accelerating

A

Air resistance increases with speed so after a few seconds, the air resistance balances her weight

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21
Q

What is Newton’s second law?

A

The acceleration in the direction of the resultant force depends on:
The size of the force
The mass of the object

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22
Q

What is the odd equation for force?

A

Force = mass x acceleration

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23
Q

What is the symbol equation for force

A

f = m x a

24
Q

What is inertial mass

A

The force on an object divided by the acceleration the force produces

25
Q

Explain the core practice - investigating acceleration

A

Put a trolley on a ramp and adjust the slope so it begins to move on its own.
Set up the light gates and the pulley and string.
Put a piece of card on the trolley and measure it.
Find the mass of the trolley
Put a mass at the other end of the string
Release the trolley and write down the speed from the datalogger
Write down the time for it to get from each light gate
Put a mass on top of the trolley and repeat

26
Q

For the core practical - investigating acceleration, how can the experiment be altered to investigate the effect of force rather than the effect of mass?

A

Stack masses on the trolley and each time, transfer one to the other end of the string

27
Q

What is Newton’s third law?

A

For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction

28
Q

What are action-reaction forces?

A

A pair of forces on the two interactive objects

29
Q

What are 3 factors of action-reaction forces?

A

Same size, opposite directions and same type

30
Q

What is an equilibrium situation for forces?

A

When nothing is moving equal forces e,g pulling a rope

31
Q

What is the difference between action-reaction forces and balanced forces?

A

Balanced forces act on the same object (force of ground on dog and force of gravity on dog)
Action-reaction forces act on different objects (from ground on dog and on dog from ground)

32
Q

Give 2 factors of action-reaction forces in a collision

A

Same size

Different effects due to different masses

33
Q

What is momentum

A

A measure of the tendency of an object to keep moving or how hard it is to stop it moving

34
Q

Why is momentum a vector quantity

A

It depends on velocity

35
Q

What is the symbol equation for momentum

A

p = m x v

36
Q

What is the second symbol equation for force involving velocity

A

f = mv - mu / t

37
Q

What is conservation of momentum?

A

When moving objects collide, the total momentum from before the collision is the same as after the collision if there are no external forces

38
Q

What is thinking distanc?

A

The distance the object travels between seeing the problem and reacting

39
Q

What is the braking distance

A

The distance an object travels while the brakes are working to stop it moving

40
Q

What is the stopping distance of a vehicle?

A

The sum of the thinking and braking distance

41
Q

The time between a person detecting a stimulus and their response

A

What is the reaction time?

42
Q

What can reaction times be measured using?

A

Computers

43
Q

What can slow someone’s reaction time? (4)

A

If they are tired, I’ll, taking drugs or distracted

44
Q

What can increase the braking distance? (2)

A

Friction (If the brakes are worn out)

Mass (heavier vehicle needs more force)

45
Q

What is work done

A

The energy transferred by a force acting over a distance

46
Q

What is the word equation for work done

A

Work done = force x distance

47
Q

What is the energy stored in a moving object?

A

Kinetic energy

48
Q

What is the word equation for kinetic energy

A

Kinetic energy = mass x velocity^2 / 2

49
Q

When an object stops, what is the kinetic energy transferred to?

A

Other energy stores by the braking force

50
Q

What is the kinetic energy equal to?

A

The work done

51
Q

What are crumple zones?

A

Zones built into the front of a car which absorb the impact of a collision making the deceleration less

52
Q

What is the use of airbags?

A

They increase the time it takes for a persons head to stop in a collision

53
Q

What is the use of seatbelts

A

To hold the passenger into the car

54
Q

Why is it best to increase the time for something to hit the ground for safety?

A

Because it reduces the force on it

55
Q

What does the force in a collision depend on?

A

The change in momentum as the car comes to a stop

56
Q

What does a negative sign show for a force?

A

It is acting in the opposite direction to the original direction

Physics (12 decks)

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