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Physics > Unit 14 & 15 - Particles Model/ Forces And Matter > Flashcards

Unit 14 & 15 - Particles Model/ Forces And Matter Flashcards

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1
Q

What is sublimation?

A

When a solids turns straight into a gas without becoming a liquid

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2
Q

What is the kinetic theory?

A

The theory that states that everything is made out of tiny particles

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3
Q

Name 2 characteristics of a solid

A

The particles vibrate and cannot cube compressed

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4
Q

Name 2 character is of liquids

A

Cannot be compressed, particles roll over eachother

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5
Q

Name of 2 characteristics of gases

A

They move quickly, can be compressed

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6
Q

What is the equation for density

A

Density = mass/ volume

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7
Q

Explain the core practice - investigating densities (for liquids)

A

Out an empty beaker on a balance and set to 0
Measure 50cm of liquid and pour into a beaker
Measure mass of this

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8
Q

Explain the core practical - investigating densities (for solids)

A

Find mass of a solid
Find volume of solid - using a displacement can (beaker with spout), add water and place object inside. Make sure that the whole object is inside the water but not your finger

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9
Q

How can you maintain a store of thermal energy?

A

The amount of energy that is transferred to the surroundings needs to be reduced e,g insulation

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10
Q

What does the amount of thermal energy stored depend on?(3)

A

Temperature
Mass
Material

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11
Q

What is the specific heat capacity?

A

The amount of energy it takes to increase the temp of 1kg by 1C

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12
Q

Why does the temperature stay constant during state change?

A

The extra energy is used to break the bonds

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13
Q

What is the specific latent heat

A

The amount of energy it takes for 1kg of substance to change state

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14
Q

Why is specific latent heat sometimes specific latent heats? (Plural)

A

It takes less energy to melt that evaporate

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15
Q

What is the equation for change in thermal energy?

A

Change in thermal energy = mass x specific heat capacity x change in temp

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16
Q

What is the equation for thermal energy needed for state change?

A

Energy for state change = mass x specific latent heat

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17
Q

Explain the core practical - investigating water (melting ice)

A

Put a boiling tube with crushed ice into a pyrex beaker
Measure temp using thermometer
Add hot water into beaker and place over Bunsen to keep warm
Measure temp of ice every minute until melted

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18
Q

Explain the core practical - investigating water (specific heat capacity)

A

Put a polystyrene cup in a beaker, set balance to zero with it on
Fill with water near to top and measure mass
Remove from balance and put a thermometer inside it
Put a 12V electric immersion heater into the water and connect it to a joulemeter
Record temp of water then turn on the heater and record temp after 5 mins

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19
Q

What is pressure caused by

A

Forces acting on the walls of a container as a result of moving particles hitting the wall

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20
Q

How does an increased temperature cause the pressure to increase

A

The particles move faster

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21
Q

What are the units for pressure

A

Pascals = Pa

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22
Q

Why can measurements for pressure not be made below the boiling point

A

It has become a liquid

23
Q

What is absolute zero

A

When the graph line meets zero on the x axis (-273C) because it is the coldest possible temp

24
Q

Powhatan is the kelvin temperature scale?

A

It measures temperatures relative to absolute zero (K)

25
Q

What is 273 kelvin equivalent to

A

0C

26
Q

What is gas pressure

A

The effect of gas particles hitting a surface which causes a force

27
Q

How does gas pressure act on walls

A

At right angles

28
Q

When does the force on the walls of the container of a gas increase

A

If the same number of particles is forced into a smaller volume

29
Q

What is the equation showing how volume and pressure of a fixed mass of a gas is constant at a constant temperature

A

P1 x V1 = P2 x V2

30
Q

What happens when you push a bike pump to make it warm

A

The force is transferring energy to the gas inside the pump (work done)

31
Q

How many forces cause stretching, bending or compressing?

A

More than one

32
Q

What does elastic mean

A

When something will return to its original shape when forces are removed

33
Q

What does inelastic mean

A

When something keeps its new shape after the forces have been removed

34
Q

Why are metals sometimes elastic and inelastic

A

They can be made into spring that are elastic but if the force is too big, they are permanently deformed

35
Q

What is the extension of a spring

A

The change in length when forces are applied

36
Q

What type of correlation is there between the forces applied and the extension

A

Directly proportional

37
Q

What is the spring constant

A

The force needed to produce an extension of 1 metre

38
Q

If a spring is stiff, how big is the spring constant

A

Large

39
Q

What is the equation for spring constant

A

Spring constant = force/ extension

40
Q

What are the units for spring constant

A

N/m

41
Q

What is the equation for energy transferred in stretching

A

Energy transferred = 1/2 x spring constant x extension^2

42
Q

Explain the core practical - Investigating springs

A

Set up clamp with spring and a ruler below inline with the bottom
Measure length of spring with no weights
Hand a 1N mass on the spring and measure extension
Repeat with 10 different masses
Repeat for a different spring
Calculate spring constant for each spring

43
Q

What is pressure measured in

A

Pascals

44
Q

What is pressure

A

A measure of the force on a unit where the force is normal to the surface

45
Q

What is the equation for pressure

A

Force/ surface area

46
Q

What is atmospheric pressure

A

Pressure from the air

47
Q

What does the pressure of a fluid depend on (2)

A

The depth of the fluid and density

48
Q

Why does the pressure increase in deeper liquids

A

There is more weight of fluid above

49
Q

How many more times is water dense than air

A

Over 800 times

50
Q

What is the pressure at sea level

A

About 100,000 Pa

51
Q

What is the equation for pressure due to a column of liquid

A

Pressure = height of column x density of liquid x gravitational field strength

52
Q

What is upthrust

A

A force on an object die to the difference in pressure

53
Q

What is the upthrust equal to

A

The weight of the water displaced by the object

Physics (12 decks)

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