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Biology 30 > Unit 2-Mitosis and Meiosis > Flashcards

Unit 2-Mitosis and Meiosis Flashcards

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1
Q

Mitosis- Interphase

A

Cell cycle when the cell grows, copies it’s DNA, and prepares to divide.

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2
Q

Mitosis- Prophase

A

Chromatin condenses, nucleus breaks down, centrioles move apart, spindles form

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3
Q

Mitosis-Metaphase

A

Chromosomes are pulled to the center of the cell.

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4
Q

Mitosis-Anaphase

A

Chromosomes are pulled apart at the centromere with each sister chromatid moving to opposite sides of the cell

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5
Q

Mitosis-Telophase

A

Spindle fibers dissolve and the nucleus reforms around each set of chromosomes.

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6
Q

Meiosis-Interphase

A

The cell grows, copies DNA, and prepares to divide

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7
Q

Meiosis-Prophase 1

A

Nucleus breaks down, chromatin condenses into chromosomes, homologous chromosomes pair up, and crossing over occurs

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8
Q

Meiosis- Metaphase 1

A

pairs of homologous chromosomes line up at the center of the cell

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9
Q

Meiosis- Anaphase 1

A

Homologous chromosomes are pulled to opposite sides of the cell.

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10
Q

Meiosis- Telophase 1

A

Spindle fibers dissolve and new nuclei from around the cell.

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11
Q

Meiosis- Prophase 2

A

Nucleus breaks down and chromatin condenses into chromosomes

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12
Q

Meiosis-Metaphase 2

A

When individual chromosomes line up at the center of the cell

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13
Q

Meiosis- Anaphase 2

A

Chromosomes are split at the centromere and the individual chromatids are pulled to opposite sides of the cell

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14
Q

Meiosis- Telophase 2

A

Spindle fibers dissolve and new nuclei from around the chromosomes.

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15
Q

Cytokinesis

A

Cytoplasm divides into 2 or 4 daughter cells

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16
Q

Cell cycle

A

Regular sequence of growth and division that cell undergo

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17
Q

Cell cycle (interphase) G1 (Growth) Part 1

A

The cells are growing and replicating organelles , and carrying out their natural functions.

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18
Q

Cell cycle (interphase) G2 (Growth) Part 3

A

Cells continue normal function and more growth, things must be in order before the next stage.

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19
Q

Cell cycle (interphase) S (DNA synthesis) Part 2

A

Cells are copying their nuclear DNA, before this stage DNA is stored loosely and stage S organizes it in the nucleus in 2 complete DNA sets.

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20
Q

Mitosis (M) Part 4

A

One copy of DNA is distributed into each identical daughter cell

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21
Q

Meiosis

A

Type of cell division where chromosomes number is reduced by half and the daughter cells are genetically distinct from the parents

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22
Q

Base Pairing in DNA (Acronym)

A

AT Crazy Girl A-T C-G

23
Q

Base Pairing in RNA (Acronym)

A

AU Crazy Girl A-U U-A T-A C-G G-C

24
Q

Acronym for Mitosis and Meiosis

A

PMAT

25
Q

Primary Function of DNA

A

To store and transmit the genetic information that tells cell which proteins to make and when to make them.

26
Q

Purine Bases

A

G (guanine) A (Adenine)

27
Q

Pyrimidine Bases
(Y)

A

C (cytosine) T (Thymine)

28
Q

Structure of Nucleotide

A
29
Q

Transcription

A

Genetic info , is copied from DNA to RNA.

30
Q

Translation

A

Genetic code, to amino acids, to proteins.

31
Q

Protein synthesis

A

Proteins carry out genetic instructions encoded in a organisms DNA

32
Q

mRNA

A

Messenger RNA

33
Q

tRNA

A

Transport RNA

34
Q

rRNA

A

Ribosomal RNA

35
Q

Codon (DNA RNA SET)

A

a sequence of three nucleotides which together form a unit of genetic code in a DNA or RNA molecule

36
Q

Enzymes involved in translation

A

DNA -> RNA -> amino acids ( transcription -> translation)

37
Q

Enzymes involved in transcription

A

DNA -> RNA -> amino acids ( transcription -> translation)

38
Q

Mutation

A

Process of mutating

39
Q

Genetic code among kingdoms and organism

A
40
Q

(Both)

A

Interphase

41
Q

(Mitosis)

A

Prophase (mitosis)

42
Q

(Mitosis)

A

Metaphase (mitosis)

43
Q

(Mitosis)

A

Anaphase (mitosis)

44
Q

(Mitosis)

A

Telophase (mitosis)

45
Q

(Both)

A

Cytokinesis

46
Q

(Meiosis)

A

Prophase 1

47
Q

(Meiosis)

A

Prophase 2

48
Q

(Meiosis)

A

Metaphase 1

49
Q

(Meiosis)

A

Metaphase 2

50
Q

(Meiosis)

A

Anaphase 1

51
Q

(Meiosis)

A

Anaphase 2

52
Q

(Meiosis)

A

Telophase 1

53
Q

(Meiosis)

A

Telophase 2

Biology 30 (6 decks)

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