Mendelian Genetics Flashcards
Meiosis
A cell division where chromosome numbers are reduced by half and the daughter cells are destruct genetically from their parents.
Mitosis
Stage in the cell cycle where 1 thing of DNA is equally distributed between 2 identical daughter cells.
Genetics
Study of patterns in heredity and the variation of organisms.
Cross pollination
Reproduction process in which pollen from one plant is transferred to the stigma of another plant.
Allele
The letters that show the genes from mom or dad. Alternate versions of a trait.
Homozygous
A gene pair where 2 alleles code for the same trait (same: dominant AA recessive aa)
Law of segregation
States that pairs of genes separate in meiosis and each gamete receives a gene from each pair.
Hapliod
Having only one chromosome of each homologous pair. (Half)
Diploid
Cell that has both chromosomes of a homologous pair.
Trait
A characteristic
Dominant
An allele that ranks higher then another allele for the same characteristic.
Genotype
Genetic makeup of an organism.
Heterozygous
A gene pair where two alleles don’t code for the same trait (different Aa)
Law of independent assortment
Law that states pairs of genes separate independently of one another in meiosis.
Gametes
Reproductive cell (sperm, male: ova/egg cells, female)
Heredity
Transmission of traits from parents to their offspring. (Mom has brown eyes and daughter has brown eyes)
Self pollination
Pollination using the same flower, flowers from the same plant, or two plant’s genetically the same.
Recessive
An allele that is ranked lower than another allele for the same characteristic.
Phenotype
External appearance of an organism that is determined by the individuals genotype.
Punnet square
A way to show all possible combinations of genes from 2 parents that can be passed down to offspring.
Monohybrid cross
Crosses that deal with 1 trait
Dihybrid cross
A cross of 2 pairs of genes.
Incomplete dominance
Heterozygous individuals express both simultaneously with blending.
Codominance cross
Heterozygous individual expresses both simultaneously without blending.
