Unit 2 List 1 Chemistry Flashcards
Atoms
the smallest building blocks of matter and make up everything around us
Molecules
a group of two or more atoms that bond together
Substances
anything that is made up of “stuff” and takes up space
Homogeneous Mixtures
one that’s mixed or blended together so well that all of the ingredients will not separate out, even over time
Heterogeneous Mixtures
a substance that can be easily separated into its parts, and those parts retain their original properties
Chemical Properties
describe how a substance behaves during a chemical reaction
Physical Properties
any property that can be observed using the five senses or can be measured without changing the matter
Isotopes
atoms of an element that have the same number of protons and electrons, but a different number of neutrons
Elements
a substance that cannot be broken down into any other substance
Compounds
two or more different elements chemically bonded together
Reactants
a substance that changes in a chemical reaction
Products
two or more substances mixed together will produce a new substance
Hydrogen Bonds
the electromagnetic attraction between polar molecules in which hydrogen is bound to a larger atom, such as oxygen or nitrogen
Covalent Bonds
form when atoms share electrons on their outer shells to create a full set of electrons
Ionic Bonds
the outermost electrons of one atom are transferred permanently to another atom
Cation
a positively charged ion that is formed when a metallic element loses one or more electrons
Anion
an atom that has more electrons than protons
Periodic table groups
the different columns
Valence electrons
an electron that ‘lives’ in the last electron shell (or valence shell) of an atom
ph scale
a measure of how acidic or basic the substance is
acids
particles that create an element called hydrogen, and they can taste sweet, tangy, or tart
bases
a substance that can gain, or “accept,” a hydrogen ion when combined with another substance, such as water
