Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MIP 300 > Unit 2 Lectures > Flashcards

Unit 2 Lectures Flashcards

1
Q

What is a symbiosis?

A

When an organism spends any portion of their life associated with an organism of another species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is a commensal relationship?

A

When one organism benefits, and the other is neither harmed or helped

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is a Mutualistic relationship?

A

One where both parties benefit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is a Parasitic relationship?

A

One where one party benefits, the other organism is hurt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is normal flora?

A

Organisms that reside in body surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How can normal flora cause disease?

A

When they overgrow or grow in a new location

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Where is normal flora found?

A

Anywhere the body has contact with the environment (GI tract, to lungs, etc.)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

When will normal flora cause infection?

A

During surgery, injury, or immunosupression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How can normal flora protect you?

A
  1. Compete with pathogenic bacteria
  2. produce antimicrobial substances
  3. Produce beneficial chemicals like vitamins and serotonin
  4. Stimulate the nervous system
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is an infection?

A

When a parasite is multiplying in/on host

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is an infectious disease

A

When host cant fx normally bc of parasite/it’s products

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are pathogens?

A

Disease Causers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is pathogenicity?

A

An organisms ability to cause disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is virulence?

A

Intensity of pathogenicity, indicated by mortality rates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Signs vs symptoms

A

Signs - vital signs, objective
Symptoms - subjective feelings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is disease syndrome?

A

Where an infection or sickness presents with signs and symptoms common to a specific infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the steps to the infectious disease process?

A
  1. Incubation
  2. Prodromal
  3. Illness
    4.Convalescence
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the incubation period?

A

period in between exposure and onset of disease.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the prodromal stage?

A

When host starts feeling icky but not completely ill

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is convalescence?

A

When host starts to feel better after illness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What factors affect infectivity?

A

-transferability from host to host,
-ability to adhere to and colonize host
- ability to grow in host
- ability to avoid immune defenses
- Hiding within host cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are exotoxins made up of?

A

4 types of protein

23
Q

What is a neurotoxin?

A

an exotoxin that affects the nervous system

24
Q

Whats an enterotoxin?

A

Toxins that affect GI (exotoxin)

25
Q

Whats a cytotoxin?

A

Toxin that affects cellular fx.

26
Q

What is a superantigen?

A

an overstimulation of the nervous system causing similar response to enotoxin.

27
Q

What are antitoxin antibodies produced for?

A

exotoxins

28
Q

what are toxoids?

A

heat/chemical used to inactivate toxins; used in vaccines

29
Q

Endotoxins are found only in what type of cell?

A

Gram negative

30
Q

Where are endotoxins located within a gram negative cell?

A

In lipopolysaccharide layer.

31
Q

Which is more potent, endotoxin or exotoxin?

A

Exotoxins

32
Q

There is no vaccine for ___toxins

A

endotoxins

33
Q

What is pathogenic potential

A

inducing immune response that causes damage to tissue (results in symptoms)

34
Q

What damage causes inflammatory damage to body tissue

A

Macrophages/neutrophils

35
Q

What antibodies cause damage in tissue?

A
36
Q

How do viruses cause damage in host cells?

A

By virus replication,when damage is significant, symptoms develop.

37
Q

what are some ways viruses avoid host defenses?

A
  1. Regulate cell division in host cells
  2. some evade the immune system
38
Q

What is an antigen?

A

Self & not self substances that elicit an immne response

39
Q

What conditions do skin provide as a barrier to infection?

A

Top cell layer is dead and constantly shedding, skin is salty and slightly accidic.

40
Q

How do microbes surpass skin?

A

Make chemicals an enxymes to invade skin.

41
Q

How are mucous membranes relevant to microbes?

A
  • Traps microbes & prevents adhesion
42
Q

What weakens mucus defense?

A

Smoking, Asthma, Cystic fibrosis.

43
Q

What is the mucociliary escalator?

A

Where ciliated cells & mucus trap and propel microbes away from lungs into throat.
ex: coughing, sneezing

44
Q

How do microbes bypass the mucosal membranes?

A

inhibit cilia action

45
Q

How does saliva work in the immune system?

A

Saliva has lots of enzymes to break down and kill bacteria.

46
Q

How do microbes respond to saliva?

A

They resist saliva, have storng adhesins, capsules, and slime layers

47
Q

How do microbes respond to stomach acid?

A

By being pH resistant, or developing resistant spores/cysts.

48
Q

What role does the urogenital tract play in immune response?

A

Urinary flushing, acidic vagina, antimicrobial enzymes in cervical mucus and prostatic fluid.

49
Q

How does the eye have immune defense?

A

constant lacrimal fluid flushing that contains lactoferrin & lysozymes.

50
Q

What is opsonization?

A

promotes phagocytosis by binding complements to viruses and bacteria so that they can be taken up by macrophages which have complement receptors.

51
Q

What is Membrane Attack Complex?

A

Direct lysis of bacteria and enveloped viruses.

52
Q

What protein is associated with MAC?

A

C9

53
Q

What protein is associated with Inflammation

A

C3a

54
Q

What are Type I interferons?

A

non specific immune defense toward viruses.

MIP 300 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions