Unit 2 - Lab & Field Flashcards
an environment specifically created for research
lab
the “natural” environment of the participants
field
Lab-lab studies allow for ______________: varying the IV to understand more about “how” and “why”
systematic exploration
Lab-lab studies allow for more control over the _______, created stronger internal validity.
IV
Lab-lab studies allow for easier measurement of the _________ (less noise)
DV
Lab-lab studies are in an artificial setting, causing threats to ___________ validity
external/ecological
Lab-lab studies may cause participant _____________ (demand characteristics)
reactivity
What are the four elements of a true experiment?
- Random assignment
- Pre-test
- Control
- Post-test
Ensures that subject variables are evenly distributed across the two groups
random assignment
Field-field studies are conducted in a natural setting, creating strong _____________ validity.
ecological/external
In Field-field studies it can be difficult to control the _________ and hard to accurately measure the ________.
IV, DV
Lab-field studies allow control of the ________ and ___________ in measuring the DV.
IV, ecological validity
Lab-field studies can create ___________ of IV and it can be hard to accurately measure the _______.
artificiality, DV
Field-lab studies create a natural setting for the _________ and rigorous measurement for the _______.
IV, DV
Field-lab studies can cause loss of naturalness and controlness, meaning the _____________ of the DV is measured.
artificiality
Internal validity and external/ecological validity are often at odds. Using a combination of methods makes results more __________ and __________.
conclusive, generalizable
What are the two examples of qualitative approaches to observational research?
verbal summaries (narrative) and case studies
In-depth analysis of a single interesting (unusual) case
case-studies
____________ approaches to observational research can make it easier to compare behaviors but may sacrifice details.
quantitative
Type of observational research that used both quantitative and qualitative observation
mixed methods research
What are the three methods of coding behavior?
- Frequency
- Latency
- Duration
Measures how often a behavior occurs within a set period of time
frequency
measures how much time passed before a given behavior occurs
latency
Measures how long each behavior lasts
Duration
Observes how variables are “naturally” related to one another (non-experimental research)
correlational research
In correlational research, there is no true ______.
IV
The NICHD study found that children who spent more time in __________ care had higher vocabulary scores. Children who spent more time in __________ care had more externalizing behaviors.
high-quality, center-based
Correlational research occurs in the real world, is good for studying variables that cannot be manipulated, and can study a wide range of _________.
variation
In correlational research, there is no experimental control and no way to make ________ conclusions.
causal
__________ between 2 variables is NECESSARY but not SUFFICIENT for ____________
correlation, causation
A statistical relationship between two variables
correlation
a statistic that describes how strongly variables are related
correlation coefficient
the most common correlation coefficient
Pearson r
Increases in the values of one variable are associated with increases in the second variable
positive correlational relationship
Increases in the values of one variable are associated with decreases in the second variable
negative correlational research
Increases in the values of one variable are associated with both increases and decreases of the second variable
Curvilinear correlational research
