Unit 2: Industrial Revolution Flashcards
1st Industrial Revolution 1780-1830
Textiles, railroads, iron, coal
2nd Revolution 1860-1914
Steel, chemicals, electricity, petroleum
Started in…
England/Britain
7 causes
Agricultural evolution: change in farming methods which allowed greater production of food; cotton grin
Healthy labor force: ready to move to available jobs
Steam Engine: most important of Industrial Revolution; invented by James Watt
Innovations and Inventions: Edison-:Wizard of Menlo Park”-light bulb
Capitol: Money available for investment
Peace: Government favored trade, laissez faire policies
New markets: growing population of consumers; overseas markets opened up by transportation
Capitol
Money available for investment
Entrepreneur
someone who starts a business
Cottage Industry
Textiles; help start the industrial revolution; trade
Socialism
Mixed economy; equal distribution of wealth; protect society as whole; negative aspects of capitalism
Conservatism
maintain tradition
Liberalism
new; freedom; equality; change
nationalism
Devotion to the interest of ones nation
Laissez faire
“let do”
Leisure
Freedom from work
abolitionism
Abolition of slavery
Suffrage
right to vote
secularization
Non religious
Urbanization
movement of people to cities
Revisionists
advocacy of revision of long doctrines or historical events
Elite
superior intellectual, social, or economic status in a group or class; the rich
White collar
takes shower in the morning; professional job, clean shirt, higher salary
Blue collar
shower at night; manual labor; dirty blue shirt; low salary
Steam Engine
Most important of Industrial Revolution; invented by James Watt
Communism
Command/planned economy; complete rejection of industrial society and capitalism; extreme form of socialism
Marxism
Karl Marx; class struggle
Friedrich Engels
Developed Marxism with Karl Mark
Spinning jenny
early form of spinning machine
Social Darwinism
“Survival of the fittest”
Literacy
the condition or quality of being literate; ability to read and write
Aristocracy
rule by the rich
Cotton gin
Invented by Eli Whitney; Agricultural revolution- most important; separates seeds, seed hulls, and other fibers of cotton
Eli Whitney
invented the Cotton gin
Anarchy
No form of government
Monarchy
rule by king/monarch
Oligarchy
ruled by few groups
Theocracy
rule by religious leaders
Autocracy
government by single person
Totalitarianism
one political group taking control over other political groups and having no toleration for any other kinds
Republic
representative democracy
Direct democracy
rule by the people
