Unit 2 ii) Everyday Consumer Products Flashcards
What is a carbohydrate?
A substance which contains only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
What is the H:O ratio in carbohydrates?
2:1
What is the test for starch?
Iodine turns blue-black
What is the use of a catalyst?
To speed up a reaction
What is hydrolysis?
The breakdown of a substance using water
What type of reaction takes place when glucose turns to starch?
Condensation Polymerisation
What is the name for a biological catalyst?
Enzyme
What homologus series does ethanol belong to?
The alkanols / the alcohols
What do all alkanols contain?
A hydroxyl group (-O-H)
What is the general formula of the alkanols?
CnH2n+1 OH
What is the only alcohol that can be produced by fermentation?
Ethanol
How can other alcohols be produced?
Corresponding alkene + water
eg propene + water > propanol
This process is known as hydration
Why is the maximum concentration of ethanol 12%?
Because the yeast stops working (denatured) by the high concentrations of alcohol
What process is used to increase the concentration of ethanol?
Distillation which is Evaporation then Condensatiom
What are the properties of alcohols?
- Can be used as solvents
- Very flammable
- Good fuels as they burn with a clean flame
What will the combustion of an alcohol produce?
CO2 +H2O
What process can convert ethanol in ethene?
Dehyration
What are the properties of alkanoic acids?
- All have a carboxylic group (-COOH)
* Also called carboxylic acids
What is the first carboxylic acid?
Methanoic acid - HCOOH
What is the formula of ethanoic , propanoic and butanoic acid?
Ethanoic - CH3COOH
Propanoic - C2H5COOH
Butanoic - C3H7COOH
What is the general formula of the alkanoic acids?
Cn-1H2n-1COOH
Name a household product containing ethanoic acid?
Vinegar- it can be use for preserving food. Ethanoic acid is also found in cleaning products
How are esters made?
By the condensation reaction between an alkanol and alkanoic acid
What is the ester link?
-COO-
