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Nat 5 chemistry - A.Clarke > Unit 2 - Hydrocarbons/Homologous series > Flashcards

Unit 2 - Hydrocarbons/Homologous series Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a fuel?

A

Material such as coal,gas or oil that is burned to produce energy

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2
Q

What is fractional distillation

A

Separation technique to separates a mixture into a number of different parts, called fractions. A tall fractionating column is fitted above the mixture, with several condensers coming off at different heights. The column is hot at the bottom and cool at the top.

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3
Q

What is combustion?

A

Combustion = burning.

When hydrocarbons are burned, they react with O2 to produce H2O and CO2

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4
Q

Why do we use fuels?

A

For energy

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5
Q

What is the chemical term for burning?

A

Combustion

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6
Q

What are hydrocarbons made up of?

A

Hydrogen and carbon atoms

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7
Q

Definition of a homologous serie.

A

A family of compounds which have the same general formula and similar chemical properties.

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8
Q

Describe the structure of alkanes

A

Homologous series of hydrocarbons

All carbon to carbon bonds are single covalent bonds

Names all end in -ane

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9
Q

What is the general formula for alkane?

A

CnH2n+2

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10
Q

General formula for cycloalkanes and Alkenes

A

CnH2n

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11
Q

Describe cycloalkanes

A

Starts with cyclo and end in -ane

They form a sort of cirlce.

Are saturated so are carbon to carbon single covalent bonds.

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12
Q

Describe alkenes

A

Names all end in -ene

All alkenes are unsaturated (double bond)

Contain at least 1 carbon to carbon double bond

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13
Q

How to name Alkanes

A
  • Find the longest carbons chain and name it (using prefixes and ending in -ane).
  • Name any chain (count the number of carbon in the chail, use the prefix and add -yle at the end).
  • Determine the position of the branched

Longest chain of carbons and name if using prefixes and add -ane at the end number the carbons do it the direction that will make the branch a low number Name what carbon the branch is on Use di for 2 branches, tri for 3 If two branches are coming off each other use ethane

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14
Q

How to name Alkenes

A
  • find the longest chain of carbons containing double bond and name it using prefixes and add -ene at the end
  • Number the double bond making sure it’s in the direction to get a small number
  • Add this number between the prefix and -ene
    e. g: Pent-2-ene
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15
Q

What prefixes don’t exists in alkenes

A

Meth

You cannot have double bond if you only have one carbon

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16
Q

what are Alkanes used for?

A

Fuels

17
Q

What are Cycloalkane used for?

A

used as a solvent

18
Q

What are alkenes used for?

A

Polymers and making alcohols

19
Q

What is the test for unsaturation?

A

Unsaturation (=double bond)

Test: using bromine water (an orange/brown solution)

Result: Bromine water decolourised in the presence of unsaturation (double bonds)

20
Q

Alkenes can udergo addition reaction.

What is the name of the addition reaction when Bromine is added to an alkenes?

A

Bromination or dihalogenation

Forming a dihaloalkanes.

21
Q

Alkenes undergo addition reaction with hydrogen, what is the name is this particular addition reaction?

What are the product called?

A
  • name of reaction: Hydrogenation
  • Products formes: alkanes
22
Q

Alkenes undergo addition reaction with water.

What is the name of this addition reaction, and what are the product formed?

A

Addition reaction with water is called: hydration

Forming alcohols

23
Q

Write the a chemical balanced equation for the combustion of 3-methyloctane.

A

C9H20 + 14O2 –> 10H2O + 9CO2

24
Q

What are the products for complete combustion of a hydrocarbon?

A

Water and carbon dioxide.

25
Q

What are the products for incomplete combustion of a hydrocarbon?

A

Water and carbon monoxide

26
Q

Is combustion an endothermcic or exothermic reaction?

A

exothermic as it produces heat.

27
Q

What prefixes don’t exist with cycloalkanes?

A

meth and eth

(you need at least 3 carbons to form a cycle)

28
Q

Definition of isomers

A

molecules with the same chemical formula but different structural formula.

29
Q
A
30
Q
A
31
Q
A

hept-3-ene

Nat 5 chemistry - A.Clarke (11 decks)

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