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Nat 5 chemistry - A.Clarke > Unit 1 - Atomic structure and bonding > Flashcards

Unit 1 - Atomic structure and bonding Flashcards

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1
Q

Name the subatomic particles that are found in an atom

A

Protons

Neutrons

Electrons

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2
Q

Describe subatomic particles in terms of their location, mass and charge.

A

- Protons are positive and located in the nucleus

- Neutrons are neutral and located in the nucleus

- Electrons are negative and located: around the nucleus or in the electrons shells or in energy levels.

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3
Q

An atoms have a mass number of 25 and atomic number of 13, how many

protons,

neutrons

and electrons

does this atom have>

A

Protons: 13

Neutrons: 25-13 = 12 neutrons

Electrons: 13

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4
Q

How many protons, neutrons and electrons are present in this atom.

What is the name of this element?

A

Protons = atomic number = 89

Neutrons = mass number - atomic number= 227 - 89 = 138

Electrons = 89 (same as number of protons in an atoms)

Name of element: Actinium

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5
Q

Why an atom is always neutral?

A

Because it has the same amount of protons (oositive charges) and electrons (negative charge)

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6
Q

Write the nuclide notation for the element that has 35 protons and 45 neutrons.

A
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7
Q

Give an example of an element with similar chemical properties of Iodine. Explain why they have similar chemical properties.

A

Any element from group 7.

Because they are in the same group and have the same amount of electrons on their outer shell.

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8
Q

What is an ion?

A

An atom that has lost or gained electrons to become stable.

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9
Q

What is the name of group 1, 7 and 0/8 in the periodic table?

A

Group 1: Alkalis metals

Group 7: Halogens

Group 8/0: Noble gas

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10
Q

Write the electron arrangement for an atom of carbon.

A

Carbon atom has 12 protons, so will have 12 electrons.

The electron arrangement for carbon atom is: 2,8,2

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11
Q

How many electrons does Sulfur need to loose or gain to become stabe?

A

Sufur has the electron arrangement: 2,8,6

to become stable, sulfur need to gain 2 electrons, and would have the electron arrangement 2,8,8

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12
Q

Write the electron arrangement of Aluminium ion.

A

Aluminium atom has the electron arrangement: 2,8,3

to become stabe and become an ion it need to loose 3 electrons, the electron arrangement for Aluminium ion is: 2,8

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13
Q

How does an atom become a positive ion? For example Ca2+?

A

Atoms become positive ions by loosing electrons.

Ca2+ has lost 2 electrons.

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14
Q

How does atoms become negative ions? For example N3- ?

A

Atoms become negative ions by gaining electrons. For example N3- has gained 3 electrons.

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15
Q

Draw the electron arrangement for Sulfur ion.

A
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16
Q

Give the definition of an isotope.

A

Isotopes are:

Elements with the same atomic number but different mass number

or

Elements with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons.

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17
Q

Explain what is the RAM (Relaive Atomic Mass)

A

The relative atomic mass of an element is the average mass of its atoms.

18
Q
A
19
Q
A

W and Y

20
Q

A sample of nitrogen was found to contain two isotopes.

The isotope with a mass number of 14 was present at 70% and the other with a mass of number 15 was present 30%.
What is the relative atomic mass of this sample of nitrogen?

A

(14x70)+(15x30) / 100 = 14.3

Your result for the RAM should always be between the different mass number, if you have a higher number, you probably forgot to divide by 100, if your number is smaller, you probably divided by 100 too many times.

21
Q

Describe how covalenent bonds are formed.

A

By sharing a pair of electrons.

22
Q

What type of atoms can be found in covalent bond?

A

non-metals with non-metals

23
Q

Draw a dot and cross diagram for water.

A
24
Q

Draw a dot and cross diagram for N2

A
25
Q

Draw a dot and cross diagram for CH4

A
26
Q

What is the shape of a diatomic molecule?

A

linear

27
Q

What is the shape of a molecule of water?

A

angular

28
Q

What is the shape of NH3

A

Trigonal pyramidal

29
Q

What is the shape of CH4

A

tetrahedral

30
Q

What are the 2 type of covalent structure?

A

Covalent molecular (like Water)

Covalent netwrok (like diamond)

31
Q

What are the difference in properties between covalent molecular and covalent network?

A

Covalent compound (both molecular and network) do NOT conduct electricity.

However, covalent molecular structure have low melting and boiling point.

Covalent network have high melting and boiling point.

32
Q

Describe how ionic bond are form.

Use Magnesium Fluoride to illustrate your explaination.

A

Ionic compounds are formed by transfering electrons. Metals elements give away their outer electron(s) and non-metals accept these electron(s).

For example, in magnesium fluoride (MgF2), magnesium lose 2 electrons and become Mg2+ and two fluorine atom gained an electron each and become F-.

Mg2+ and 2F- are attracted together by electrostatic forces.

33
Q

what type of atoms can formed ionic bonding?

A

Metals + non-metals.

Ions are formed when atoms lose or gain electrons to obtain the stable electron arrangement of a noble gas. In general, metal atoms lose electrons forming positive ions and non-metal atoms gain electrons forming negative ions. Ion-electron equations can be written to show the formation of ions through loss or gain of electrons. Ionic bonds are the electrostatic attraction between positive and negative ions

34
Q

Describe the properties of ionic compounds (melting point, boiling point and electrical conductivity)

A
  • Ionic compounds have high melting point and boiling point
  • Ionic compounds conduct electricity when molten or in solution but they DO NOT conduct electricity when solid.
35
Q

What type of bonding is represented in the diagram?

A

Metallic bonding

36
Q

Describe how metallic bonding are formed and explain why they conduct electricity.

A
  • Metallic bonding is the electrostatic force of attraction between positively charged ions and delocalised electrons.
  • Metallic elements are conductors of electricity because they contain delocalised electrons that are free to move
37
Q

What type of bonding is represented in the diagram?

A

Ionic bonding

38
Q

Explain why ionic bonding conduct electricity when they are in solution.

A

Become the IONS are free to move

39
Q

What type of bonding is represented in the diagram?

A

Covalent molecular

40
Q

What type of bonding is represented in the diagram?

A

Covalent network

Nat 5 chemistry - A.Clarke (11 decks)

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