Unit 2: Human Movement Assessments

Question 0

Superior

Answer 0

Positioned above a point of reference

Question 1

Biomechanics

Answer 1

The science concerned with the internal and external forces acting on the human body and the effects produced by these forces

Question 2

Inferior

Answer 2

Positioned below a point of reference

Question 3

Proximal

Answer 3

Positioned nearest the center of the body, or point of reference

Question 4

Distal

Answer 4

Positioned farthest from the center of the body, or a point of reference

Question 5

Anterior (or ventral)

Answer 5

On the front of the body

Question 6

Posterior (or dorsal)

Answer 6

On the back of the body

Question 7

Medial

Answer 7

Positioned near the middle of the body

Question 8

Lateral

Answer 8

Positioned toward the outside of the body

Question 9

Contralateral

Answer 9

Positioned on the opposite side of the body

Question 10

Ipsilateral

Answer 10

Positioned on the same side of the body

Question 11

Anatomic Position

Answer 11

The position with the body erect with the arms at the sides and the palms forward. The anatomic position is of importance in anatomy because it is the position of reference for anatomic nomenclature.

Question 12

Sagittarius Plane

Answer 12

An imaginary bisector that divides the body into left and right halves

Question 13

Flexion

Answer 13

A bending movement in which the relative angle between two adjacent segments decreases

Question 14

Extension

Answer 14

A straightening movement in which the relative angle between two adjacent segments increases

Question 15

Hyper extension

Answer 15

Extension of a joint beyond the normal limit or range of motion

Question 16

Frontal Plane

Answer 16

An imaginary bisector that divides the body into front and back halves

Question 17

Abduction

Answer 17

A movement in the frontal plane away from the midline of the body

Question 18

Addiction

Answer 18

Movement in the frontal plane back toward the midline of the body

Question 19

Transverse Plane

Answer 19

An imaginary bisector that divides the body into top and bottom halves

Question 20

Internal Rotation

Answer 20

Rotation of a joint toward the middle of the body

Question 21

External Rotation

Answer 21

Rotation of a joint away from the middle of the body

Question 22

Horizontal Abduction

Answer 22

Movement of the arm or thigh in the transverse plane from an anterior position to a lateral position

Question 23

Horizontal Adduction

Answer 23

Movement of the arm or thigh in the transverse plane from a lateral position to an anterior position

Question 24

Scapular Retraction

Answer 24

Adduction of scapula; shoulder blades move toward the midline

Question 25

Scapular Proteaction

Answer 25

Abduction of scapula; shoulder blades move away from the midline

Question 26

Scapular Depression

Answer 26

Downward (inferior) motion of the scapula

Question 27

Scapula Elevation

Answer 27

Upward (superior) motion of the scapula

Question 28

Eccentric Muscle Action

Answer 28

An eccentric muscle action occurs when a muscle develops tension while lengthening

Question 29

Concentric Muscle Action

Answer 29

When a muscle is exerting force greater than the resistive force, resulting in shortening of the muscle

Question 30

Isometric Muscle Action

Answer 30

When a muscle is exerting force equal to the force being placed on it leading to no visible change in the muscle length

Question 31

Isokinetic Muscle Action

Answer 31

When a muscle shortens at a constant speed over the full range of motion

Question 32

Force

Answer 32

An influence applied by one object to another, which results in an acceleration or deceleration of the second object

Question 33

Length-tension Relationship

Answer 33

The resting length of a muscle and the tension the muscle can produce at this resting length

Question 34

Force-couple

Answer 34

Muscle groups moving together to produce movement around a joint

Question 35

Rotary Motion

Answer 35

Movement of the bones around the joints

Question 36

Torque

Answer 36

A force that produces rotation. Common unit of torque is the Newton-meter or Nm

Question 37

Motor Behavior

Answer 37

Motor response to internal and external environmental stimuli

Question 38

Motor Control

Answer 38

How the central nervous system integrates internal and external sensory information with previous experiences to produce a motor response

Question 39

Motor Learning

Answer 39

Integration of motor control processes through practice and experience, leading to a relatively permanent change in the capacity to produce skilled movements

Question 40

Motor Development

Answer 40

The change in motor skill behavior over time throughout the lifespan

Question 41

Muscle Synergies

Answer 41

Groups of muscles that are recruited by the central nervous system to provide movement

Question 42

Proprioception

Answer 42

The cumulative sensory input to the central nervous system from all mechanoreceptors that sense position and limb movements

Question 43

Sensorimotor Integration

Answer 43

The cooperation of the nervous and muscular system in gathering and interpreting information and executing movement

Question 44

Feedback

Answer 44

The use of sensory information and sensorimotor integration to help the human movement system in motor learning

Question 45

Internal Feedback

Answer 45

The process whereby sensory information is used by the body to reactively monitor movement and the environment

Question 46

External Feedback

Answer 46

Information provided by some external source, such as a health and fitness professional, videotape, mirror, or heart rate monitor, to supplement the internal environment