Unit 2 - Genetic Variations

Question 1

a heritable change in genetic code of organism

Answer 1

mutation

Question 2

organism with a change in this genetic sequence

Answer 2

genotype

Question 3

strain one derived from nature, not generated in a lab

Answer 3

wild type

Question 4

are there wild type humans?

Answer 4

no

Question 5

amount of mutation during replication per kilobase pair

Answer 5

mutation rate

Question 6

chemical, physical, or biological agents that increase the mutation rate

Answer 6

mutagens

Question 7

UV light exposure is a type of what?

Answer 7

radiation

Question 8

this type of radiation is more powerful than UV exposure…..examples x rays and gamma rays

Answer 8

Ionizing Radiation

Question 9

mutations made deliberately (usually in lab studies)

Answer 9

induced mutation

Question 10

this type of mutation occurs without human interaction (exposure to things)

Answer 10

spontaneous mutation

Question 11

If a point mutation is not corrected before replication, the incorrect base will be maintained for how long?

Answer 11

all throughout future generations

Question 12

subs that do not change the amino acid or reg of a gene

Answer 12

silent mutations

Question 13

subs that do alter the amino acid or reg

Answer 13

missense mutation

Question 14

subs that lead to premature stop codons

Answer 14

nonsense mutation

Question 15

can disrupt replication and transcription by blocking movement of polymerases

Answer 15

structural distortion

Question 16

3 types of DNA repair systems

Answer 16

1. Direct Reversal
2. Single strand repair
3. Double strand repair

Question 17

restoring change at same site as original mutation

Answer 17

same site revertant

Question 18

mutation at different site leads to original phenotype

Answer 18

second site revertant

Question 19

these two mutants work together to recognize damage

Answer 19

MutS and MutL

Question 20

this mutant determines which strand is the parent strand

Answer 20

MutH

Question 21

carry genes for resistance to antiiotics (plasmid type)

Answer 21

Resistance plasmids

Question 22

confer factors for causing disease (carry toxic genes and enzymes that damage the host cell)

Answer 22

Virulence Plasmids

Question 23

proteins that inhibit of kill related species or different strains of same species

Answer 23

Bacteriocins

Question 24

Made in lab and must have own replication and stay in a host of choice

Answer 24

Engineered Plasmids

Question 25

SOS

Answer 25

Absolute last resort when error free DNA repair systems fail

Question 26

Sometimes, errors lead to what?

Answer 26

more fit organisms