Micro ch. 3,4,5

Question 1

Bacteria Motility types

Answer 1

swimming, sheathed, swarming, social gliding, gliding

Question 2

antibiotic resistance E. Coli video recap

Answer 2

took 11 days to reach the center, most bacteria died, e.coli divides every 20 - 30 minutes, its a gram negative bacteria so it’s naturally antibiotic resistant, common infection is food poisoning from e-.coli, it’s naturally found in the small intestines

Question 3

is E.Coli gram positive or negative

Answer 3

negative so it’s naturally antibiotic resistant

Question 4

Where is E.Coli naturally found?

Answer 4

small intestines, which is why good hygiene is important and women get more UTI’s

Question 5

polar flagella types

Answer 5

monotrichous, lophotrichous, amphitrichous

Question 6

the rod, hook, and filament of flagella are what material? in bacteria

Answer 6

hollow

Question 7

benefits of polar swimming motility in flagella in bacteria

Answer 7

faster and can change direction easier….has reversible flagella and unidirectional flagella

Question 8

bacteria swarming motility typically has bacteria with what type of flagella

Answer 8

peritrichous flagella

Question 9

this type of motility secretes molecules to help them move across the surface

Answer 9

swarming motility

Question 10

pathogenic bacteria with this type of coating are more difficult to clear by the immune system

Answer 10

polysacchoride coating

Question 11

chemotaxis

Answer 11

movement of a bacterium toward a concentrated chemical

Question 12

chemoreceptors

Answer 12

sense the attractants or repellents for the bacterium

Question 13

measuring chemotaxis

Answer 13

control (neutral), attractant, repellent

Question 14

phototaxis

Answer 14

similar to chemotaxis, but for sunlight. photoreceptors sense light and signal to increase the efficiency

Question 15

axoneme

Answer 15

the core of cilia

Question 16

rings of the flagella body

Answer 16

l ring, p ring, ms ring, c ring

Question 17

gliding motility

Answer 17

motility in cells without flagella, slower and smoother, occurs along the long axis ofthe cell

Question 18

fimbriae

Answer 18

important for surface attachment, biofilm formation, pellicle formation, pathogenesis

Question 19

extension and retraction of type 4 pili (boat fishing line)

Answer 19

twitching motility

Question 20

are there pathogenic archea?

Answer 20

no, none that’s been found to date

Question 21

Archaea cell walls have this instead of peptifoglycan

Answer 21

pseudomurein

Question 22

energy powerhouse of the cell, performs cellular respiration and uses 02 to convert food into ATP, then releases CO2, as waste. Has their own DNA and replicates themselves when cell is dividing.

Answer 22

mitochondria

Question 23

organelles only found in plants and algae, have inner and outer membranes, carry photosynthesis

Answer 23

chloroplasts

Question 24

where most cell membrane components and materials to be extorted are made (factory)

Answer 24

ER Endoplasmic Reticulum

Question 25

modifies and packages molecules from the ER that are to be secreted or transported to another cell compartment (UPS)

Answer 25

Golgi Apparatus

Question 26

where intracellular digestion occurs, food particles and unwanted molecules are broken down

Answer 26

lysosomes

Question 27

where toxic molecule are inactivated by hydrogen pexoride and protects the rest of the cells from these reactions

Answer 27

pexorisomes

Question 28

ferry materials between one membrane enclosed organelle to another

Answer 28

transport vesticles

Question 29

endocytosis

Answer 29

process of extracellular material being brought into t he cell membrane

Question 30

exocytosis

Answer 30

vesicles from within the cell fuse with the pm and release contents outside the cell

Question 31

gives strength, shape, and movement of the cell

Answer 31

cytoskeleton

Question 32

cilia

Answer 32

moves like the breast stroke in a whip like way

Question 33

what type of cell crawls?

Answer 33

Amoeba

Question 34

Differences of Archaea and Bacteria?

Answer 34

1. Bacteria have peptidoglycen and archae contain pseudoglycan
2. Bacteria can be pathogenic and archaea are non-pathogenic
3. Archaea are extremophiles, found in harsh environements.

Question 35

Similarities of Archaea and Bacteria?

Answer 35

1. Both have a cell wall
2. Both are prokaryotes
3. Both have flagella

Question 36

Similarities between Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya?

Answer 36

1. Have membranes
2. Have DNA
3. Motile to some extent

Question 37

Differences between bacteria, archaea, and eukarya?

Answer 37

1. Eukarya has a membrane - bound nucleus and the other two do not.
2. Eukarya has membrane enclosed organelles and prokaryotes do not
3. Bacteria and Eukaryotes can be pathogenic, archaea is not.

Question 38

Rings in order of the basal body

Answer 38

L, P, MS, C

Question 39

Slime layer vs. capsule

Answer 39

slime can be easily washed off or deformed, capsule is attached tightly to the bacterium.

Question 40

Capsules and slime layers are made of what?

Answer 40

Polysacchorides and proteins

Question 41

pathogenic organisms use what to enter the host?

Answer 41

the polysaccharide layer

Question 42

Cell walls of archea don’t have _____, but instead have _______.

Answer 42

peptidoglycan, pseudomurein

Question 43

True or False: Autotrophs don’t need a carbon source

Answer 43

False

Question 44

This ring is present in gram positive and gram negative bacteria

Answer 44

MS Ring

Question 45

This is present in bacteria and archea, but not eukarya

Answer 45

Pilia

Question 46

True or False: Polar flagella are only unidirectional

Answer 46

False, they are reversible too

Question 47

Spiral bacteria shape

Answer 47

Cocci

Question 48

Eukaryotic cells have ehat type of motility?

Answer 48

Flagellating and cilia, they do not have pili or fimbriae

Question 49

Archea and eukarya use what to power their flagellating?

Answer 49

ATP

Question 50

Bacteria uses what to power flagellating?

Answer 50

Proton motor force