Micro ch. 3,4,5 Flashcards
Bacteria Motility types
swimming, sheathed, swarming, social gliding, gliding
antibiotic resistance E. Coli video recap
took 11 days to reach the center, most bacteria died, e.coli divides every 20 - 30 minutes, its a gram negative bacteria so it’s naturally antibiotic resistant, common infection is food poisoning from e-.coli, it’s naturally found in the small intestines
is E.Coli gram positive or negative
negative so it’s naturally antibiotic resistant
Where is E.Coli naturally found?
small intestines, which is why good hygiene is important and women get more UTI’s
polar flagella types
monotrichous, lophotrichous, amphitrichous
the rod, hook, and filament of flagella are what material? in bacteria
hollow
benefits of polar swimming motility in flagella in bacteria
faster and can change direction easier….has reversible flagella and unidirectional flagella
bacteria swarming motility typically has bacteria with what type of flagella
peritrichous flagella
this type of motility secretes molecules to help them move across the surface
swarming motility
pathogenic bacteria with this type of coating are more difficult to clear by the immune system
polysacchoride coating
chemotaxis
movement of a bacterium toward a concentrated chemical
chemoreceptors
sense the attractants or repellents for the bacterium
measuring chemotaxis
control (neutral), attractant, repellent
phototaxis
similar to chemotaxis, but for sunlight. photoreceptors sense light and signal to increase the efficiency
axoneme
the core of cilia
rings of the flagella body
l ring, p ring, ms ring, c ring
gliding motility
motility in cells without flagella, slower and smoother, occurs along the long axis ofthe cell
fimbriae
important for surface attachment, biofilm formation, pellicle formation, pathogenesis
extension and retraction of type 4 pili (boat fishing line)
twitching motility
are there pathogenic archea?
no, none that’s been found to date
Archaea cell walls have this instead of peptifoglycan
pseudomurein
energy powerhouse of the cell, performs cellular respiration and uses 02 to convert food into ATP, then releases CO2, as waste. Has their own DNA and replicates themselves when cell is dividing.
mitochondria
organelles only found in plants and algae, have inner and outer membranes, carry photosynthesis
chloroplasts
where most cell membrane components and materials to be extorted are made (factory)
ER Endoplasmic Reticulum
modifies and packages molecules from the ER that are to be secreted or transported to another cell compartment (UPS)
Golgi Apparatus
where intracellular digestion occurs, food particles and unwanted molecules are broken down
lysosomes
where toxic molecule are inactivated by hydrogen pexoride and protects the rest of the cells from these reactions
pexorisomes
ferry materials between one membrane enclosed organelle to another
transport vesticles
endocytosis
process of extracellular material being brought into t he cell membrane
exocytosis
vesicles from within the cell fuse with the pm and release contents outside the cell
gives strength, shape, and movement of the cell
cytoskeleton
cilia
moves like the breast stroke in a whip like way
what type of cell crawls?
Amoeba
Differences of Archaea and Bacteria?
- Bacteria have peptidoglycen and archae contain pseudoglycan
- Bacteria can be pathogenic and archaea are non-pathogenic
- Archaea are extremophiles, found in harsh environements.
Similarities of Archaea and Bacteria?
- Both have a cell wall
- Both are prokaryotes
- Both have flagella
Similarities between Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya?
- Have membranes
- Have DNA
- Motile to some extent
Differences between bacteria, archaea, and eukarya?
- Eukarya has a membrane - bound nucleus and the other two do not.
- Eukarya has membrane enclosed organelles and prokaryotes do not
- Bacteria and Eukaryotes can be pathogenic, archaea is not.
Rings in order of the basal body
L, P, MS, C
Slime layer vs. capsule
slime can be easily washed off or deformed, capsule is attached tightly to the bacterium.
Capsules and slime layers are made of what?
Polysacchorides and proteins
pathogenic organisms use what to enter the host?
the polysaccharide layer
Cell walls of archea don’t have _____, but instead have _______.
peptidoglycan, pseudomurein
True or False: Autotrophs don’t need a carbon source
False
This ring is present in gram positive and gram negative bacteria
MS Ring
This is present in bacteria and archea, but not eukarya
Pilia
True or False: Polar flagella are only unidirectional
False, they are reversible too
Spiral bacteria shape
Cocci
Eukaryotic cells have ehat type of motility?
Flagellating and cilia, they do not have pili or fimbriae
Archea and eukarya use what to power their flagellating?
ATP
Bacteria uses what to power flagellating?
Proton motor force
