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N5 Biology > Unit 2: From Summerised Notes > Flashcards

Unit 2: From Summerised Notes Flashcards

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1
Q

How is DNA in the nucleus organised?

A

Into chromosomes

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2
Q

What is the chromosome compliment of a cell?

A

The number of chromosomes it contains

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3
Q

What is the human chromosome compliment for body cells?

A

46 chromosomes

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4
Q

How are human body cell chromosomes arranged?

A

As 2 matching sets of 23 chromosomes

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5
Q

What is diploid?

A

A cell which contains two matching sets of chromosomes

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6
Q

What happens to a diploid cell during mitosis?

A

Its two matching sets of chromosomes are replicated

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7
Q

What is mitosis the process of?

A

Cell division

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8
Q

What does mitosis do?

A

Provides new cells for growth and repair of damaged cells, and maintains the diploid chromosome compliment

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9
Q

What is the first stage of mitosis?

A

The nucleus contains long uncoiled chromosomes which are difficult to see.

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10
Q

What is the second stage of mitosis?

A

Chromosomes make copies of themselves and become visible as pairs of identical chromatids

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11
Q

What is the third stage of mitosis?

A

Chromosomes line up at the equator of the cell.

Spindle fibres form at the poles and attach to centromeres.

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12
Q

What is the fourth stage of mitosis?

A

Spindle fibres pull chromatids (one from each chromosome) to opposite poles of the cell.

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13
Q

What is the fifth stage of mitosis?

A

Daughter chromosomes gather at the poles of the cell.

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14
Q

What is the last stage of mitosis?

A

Cytoplasm divides forming 2 new daughter cells which have the same diploid chromosome number at the parent cell.

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15
Q

Why is it important that each daughter cell is genetically identical to it’s parent cell?

A

This ensures that no genetic information is lost.

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16
Q

What are stem cells?

A

Unspecialised cells which can divide in order to self-renew. They have the potential to become different types of cells. Stem cells are involved in growth and repair.

17
Q

What is a embryonic stem cell?

A

Stem Cells which are found in embryos at a very early stage. They have the potential to become nearly all cells in the body.

18
Q

What is a tissue stem cell?

A

Stem cells which are found in tissues and organs of the body. They are responsible for growth and repair.

19
Q

What is the basic unit of life?

A

Cells

20
Q

What happens to cells in multicellular organisms?

A

They become specialised to carry out different functions.

21
Q

What is a tissue?

A

A group of cells with similar structure and function that all work together to do a particular job.

22
Q

What is an organ?

A

A group of different tissues working together to perform a specific job

23
Q

What is a system?

A

A group of different organs that work together to do a particular job.

24
Q

What does the nervous system consist of?

A

The central nervous system (CNS) and other nerves (neurones).

25
Q

What does the CNS consist of?

A

The brain and spinal cord.

26
Q

What is the function of the cerebrum?

A

Memory, thought, imagination, intelligence and reasoning

27
Q

What is the function of the cerebellum?

A

Balance and muscle co-ordination.

28
Q

What is the function of the medulla?

A

Breathing rate and heart rate

29
Q

What carries messages along neurons?

A

Electrical impulses

30
Q

What are the three types of neurons?

A

Sensory, Inter, Motor

31
Q

What does a sensory neuron do?

A

Pass the information to the CNS from a receptor in the senses

32
Q

What does an inter neuron do?

A

Operate within the CNS, which processes information from the senses that require a response.

33
Q

What does the motor neuron do?

A

Enable a response to occur at an effector(muscle or gland)

N5 Biology (6 decks)

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