Unit 2- Feild Work Techniques

Question 1

Define a Hazard

Answer 1

A hazard is something that can cause harm

Question 2

Define a risk

Answer 2

A rush is the likely hood of being harmed from exposure to a hazard

Question 3

List 4 key hazards associated with field work

Answer 3

Adverse weather
Difficult terrain
Isolation
Contact with harmful organisms

Question 4

Why do you carry out risk assessments

Answer 4

Risk assessments involve identifying control measures to minimise risks

Question 5

2 considerations needed when sampling species

Answer 5

Is the method appropriate for that species

How can the impact be minimised

Question 6

4 different sampling methods and what types of organisms they are used for

Answer 6

Quad-rats ~ slow moving or sessile
Point count ~ birds
Capture ~mobile species
Camera trapping ~elusive species

Question 7

What is an elusive species and which 2 sampling methods are used

Answer 7

Elusive species are those who are difficult to sample through normal observation

Direct and indirect ~ scat sampling or camera trapping

Question 8

Name 3 ways we can identify organisms in a sample

Answer 8

DNA analysis, Biological keys, classification guides

Question 9

Definition of taxonomy

Answer 9

The scientific study of naming describing and classifying organisms

Question 10

Define classification

Answer 10

The process by which scientists group living organisms

Question 11

What does a polygenic tree show

Answer 11

Shows evolutionary history and relatedness

Question 12

What’s the order of the hierarchy of biological classification

Answer 12

Life -> Domain-> Kingdom-> Phylum-> Class-> Order-> Family-> Genus-> Species

Question 13

What’s the difference between the convergent and divergent evolution

Answer 13

Divergent- development of the different lifeforms from a common origin

Convergent- separate evolution of similar phenotypic adaptations

Question 14

List 5 model organisms

Answer 14

Bacterium
Flowering plant
Nematode 
Arthropod 
Chordates

Question 15

Why do we study model organisms

Answer 15

Easily studied and kept

Useful for more harmful examples

Question 16

What is an indicator species

Answer 16

An indicator species is an organism whose presence absence for abundance reflects a specific environmental condition

Question 17

What is Mark and we capture techniques for?

Answer 17

To estimate population were to be impractical to count every individual

Question 18

List five methods of marking organisms

Answer 18

Banding
Tagging
 painting
Surgical implantation
Hair clipping

Question 19

What does N stand for

Answer 19

Population

Question 20

What does M stand for

Answer 20

Number marked on first count

Question 21

What does C stand for

Answer 21

Number captured on second count

Question 22

What does R stand for

Answer 22

Recaptured organisms

Question 23

List three assumptions of the mark and we capture technique

Answer 23

No emigration /immigration
 all animals have an equal chance of being captured
Marked individuals mixed fully with the population

Question 24

What is the study of animal behaviour

Answer 24

Ethology

Question 25

What is anthropomorphism

Answer 25

Allocation of human characteristics to the behaviour of animals

Question 26

List three measurements we can take to try and quantify animal behaviour and explain what they mean

Answer 26

Latency is the time taken between stimulus and response

Duration is how long the behaviour occurs for

And frequency is how many times behaviour occurs in a certain time frame

Question 27

What is an ethogram

Answer 27

And I think Graham is a list of species specific behaviours to be observed and recorded in a study