Unit 2 Exam Flashcards
Gender norms
ideology inscribed on the body circumscribed by social expectations” which define appropriate feminine– and masculine– linked traits and behaviors.
Interactive process of “achieving social maleness”
employing knowledge of male behavioral norms accumulated over the lifetime to develop “gender literacy” and the ability to flexibly apply gendered rules for behavior
Pay equality (equal pay) for equal work
the requirement that women and men be paid the same if performing the same job in the same organization.
Pay equity
in male-domindated occupations and female-dominated occupations of the same value must be paid the same if within the same employer.
Toxic masculinity
masculinity that encourages or gives legitimacy to misogyny homophobia and sexual violence. It involves dominating others (especially women), and means resolving disputes with physical conflict and exhibiting an aggressive machismo.
Misogynoir
uniquely constitutive racialized and sexist violence that befalls black women as a result of their simultaneous and interlocking oppression at the intersection of racial and gender marginalization.
Preformative (acting for..)
charity, effects of problem, hierarchical, who performs best..only look at top layer of issue not it as a whole
Anti-oppressive
acting with justice, dismantling roots of problem, equal, what is done best
Family
the “social relationships that people create to care for children and other dependents on a daily basis, and also to ensure that the needs of the adults are met”
Social reproduction
the maintenance of life on a daily and generational basis, and includes “how food, clothing, and shelter are made available for immediate consumption, the ways in which the care and socialization of children are provided, the care of the infirm and elderly, and the social organization of sexuality”
Toxic masculinity (has been defined as a set of behaviors such as..)
suppressing emotions/causing distress, maintaining an appearance of strength, violence as an indicator of power
Structural violence
conditions that prevent people from acting to protect their own well-being or that disempower them & can be as destructive as physical harm.
Machoism
the sense of being “manly” and self-reliant, a concept associated with “a strong sense of masculine pride– an exaggerated masculinity.
Emotional labor
the work of managing one’s own emotions that was required by certain professions.
What’s an example of emotional labor?
Flight attendants are expected to smile and be friendly even in stressful situations.
Economy
social institution that organizes the production, distribution, and consumption of goods & services.
Goods
commodities ranging from necessities (food & shelter) to luxury items (swimming pools).
Services
valued activities that benefit others (domestic care, bankers).
Feminine mystique article was about?
Talking to her former classmates and women about issues, finding many classmates were unhappy with their marriages when they had to take care of children or housework.
Questioned white, middle-class ideals of family life and motherhood and how this domestic life could stifle women & their aspirations.
Feminine mystique article victories?
The book and political atmosphere of the 1960s led to initial victories for the second wave feminist movement. National Organization for Women (NOW)
Equal pay act 1963 (law for women to have equal right to equal pay for the same jobs men do).
1st wave feminism review
Started mid 19th century and ended with the women’s suffrage movement
The focus was the right to vote and general social inequalities (poor working and housing conditions, and social ills like alcoholism & prostitution)
2nd wave feminism review
Started in late 1950s into the 1980s
WW2 argued as main trigger for second wave feminism movement
The young men going to war left huge gaps of labor back home, also increased need for labor for materials and general items (for the war and society)
Scolding toxicity article
The term “toxic masculinity” has its roots in the 1980s, when it was introduced by the Mythopoetic Men’s Movement, a byproduct of the women’s liberation movement.
New ideals on healthy romantic partnerships require men to be more emotionally available, sensitive and vulnerable than traditional masculinity allowed.
Why study pop culture?
Reflection of time
What society thought was important to discuss or love at that time
Oscars slap - What was important about it? What broader social trends might it reflect?
Men’s violence against men, men’s violence against women, race factor, the women was the but of the joke, and the two actors are the men
Oscars slap - What do you notice about how it’s shown on TV?
Media portrays black men as very violent…If it had been between two white men, the violence may have not been so hyped up. Would race even be a part of the situation?
Oscars slap - Jiada posted a video (tiktok) a few days before the Oscars. How does this tell a different story?
Had to conform to Hollywood’s hair preferences rather than her own
Oscars slap - What do you see in the second video that you don’t in the first?
When Jiada talks about the need for the two men to reconcile and to move forward as the academy needs them, the News Outlet shows images of the slap.
It was her response yet they turned it back to Will Smith.
NOTES FROM GUEST LECT:
How we work function, and move is informed by systems of power or oppression (capitalism, colonialism, classism, heterosexism, etc)
Ingrained so heavily because its normalized, so it must be actively unlearned through identification and acknowledgement a social, economic, ideological, cultural, political systems maintain dominance and disparity
Gillette Advertisement 2019
It was one of the most disliked videos on YouTube, with a huge backlash.
Brunt of backlash came in form of men and men’s groups saying “don’t shame us”
It caused a resurgence of the discussion of toxic masculinity
They did not read the room as it didn’t highlight the huge Me Too Movement occurring at the time
NOTE:
Masculinity and femininity are rational concepts, they only have meaning in relation to each other. Why? You need to have two things to have an opposition to each other.
Five important features of masculinity crisis
- The ‘masculinity crisis’ is state of anxiety, fear, frustration, and anger certain men feel regarding the perceived loss of male power and status within key social institutions such as family, economy, and government
- The ‘masculinity crisis’ finds social expression and complex representation through the collective action of dusters of men who organized political groups to fight back, struggle, negotiate, manage or resist in one capacity or another.
- The perceived masculinity crisis is empirically observable through physical cultural practices and models of male (and female) representation.
- The crisis of masculinity is reflective of a general ontological instability created by late modernization, the emergence of ornamental cultures and the death of many Western meta-narratives and historical truth-claims.
- A crisis of masculinity has been perceived by people who see men (young men in particular) targeted as problems and worthy of heightened surveillance and institutional regulation.
‘The Man They Wanted Me To Be’…what did Sexton say the purpose of socialization is with regard to gender, in his experience?
Teach gender expectations & weeding out feminine characteristics (sensitivity, weakness, curiosity, creativity). This occurs based on various positive and negative reinforcement
‘The Man They Wanted Me To Be’…How did his grandfather impact him?
He was the first person to show him that masculinity can appear different, more tender and ‘feminine’. Cried without shame and treated his loved ones with respect and compassion.
What are the biggest challenges men face?
Develop deep sense of emotional intelligence, racial and gender inequality
Overcome negative stereotypes that surround masculinity.
Changing gender rules - Swedish article
In 1968, the Swedish government submitted a report on the status of women to the United Nations. It presented a radical view on gender roles, advocating the abolition of separate spheres for men and women (Sandlund, 1971). No other government goes so far as to stipulate that men and women are equally responsible for children’s economic support as well as their care and supervision.
Swedes generally hold the well-being of children in the highest regard. This priority is reflected in the number of social programs designed to prevent children from living in poverty or suffering ill health
Gender policy in Sweden has thus developed as a result of a combination of immediate economic concerns, the nature of political institutions, and the ideological climate.
Changing gender rules - Swedish article..problems?
Women rather than men rely on these programs suggests that male workers typically do not take domestic responsibilities as seriously as women. The persistent and even widening gap in men’s and women’s wages and work hours also is evidence that such programs do not effectively eliminate gender disadvantage.
Walmart Lawsuit
Lawsuit against Walmart & their discrimination against women
Experienced same discriminatory effects
Made up 76% of hourly workers but only 14% store managers. And as you continue to move up ranks the percentage decreases.
A woman had worked in Walmart for 27 years. It was against policy to discuss pay between employees. She worried about pushing too much as she didn’t want to lose her job.
Working in produce leads to managing positions (more men are seen in produce)…not written rules but instead patterns
Which country has the highest level of women employed/in gov?
Rwanda has highest level of women in gov and in labor force
What are the benefits of a social reproduction approach?
Overcoming the public/private divide that was dominating theory
Women made more visible; informal economy brought into focus; critique how ‘non-monetary acts contribute to the function of the economic system (emotional economy)
Better understanding of how the economic system functions and interconnections of institutions.
