Exam 3 - Lesson & Text Book Questions

Question 1

What is GSR 31 - Beer Companies selling ver. of masculinity about? What have nations become the object about?

Answer 1

Commercials provide a clear and consistent image of the masculine role, creating a manual on masculinity

Nations have increasingly become the object of both production and consumption.

Question 2

GSR 31 - What are the six reasons why sports clearly defined as exclusive male spaces?

Answer 2

1. physical aggression
2. demonstration of courage, commitment, and sacrifice.
3. historical links with war
4. away from work and family
5. engage in regular body contact without being labelled gay
6. male bonding and the consumption of beer.

Question 3

GSR 31 - What were the code campaigns about? How do they infer hegemony?

Answer 3

a) Canadian politeness and demonstrations of male strength and courage…relationships with women and dedication to sport.

b) catchphrase “there’s an unwritten code in Canada” suggests that these rules not formal and explicit; (subtle expectation that they are known).

codes infer hegemony - they are the widely represented, accepted, and reproduced common sense, for many Canadian males.

Question 4

How does the circuit of culture play a key role in contemporary identity formation and citizenship?

Answer 4

The production, symbolic representation, and consumption of commodities

Question 5

What is GSR 32 - Beauty and Bullets about? How does media portray these women?

Answer 5

Media coverage of Canadian female criminals uses stereotypes of femininity..evil, cunning, and methodical, or as sexualized objects

Language for female perpetrators is more extreme and fear-inducing than that used when the perpetrator is male.

Question 6

How are Female offenders stigmatized twice?

Answer 6

as a criminal and as breaking the societal conventions of female submission.

Question 7

What are the five ways the newspapers potentially marginalize women?

Answer 7

1. Rationalizing the crime and offender
2. Dehumanization of the (crazy/unstable)
3. History of crime/violence (women are out of control
4. Reference to occupation (unbelievable nature of educated people committing crimes)
5. Poverty (notion poverty causes crime)

Question 8

What is GSR 33 - Gender Binary & Facebook about? Is invalidating gender authenticity a technique of governance?

Answer 8

Yes, Facebook makes users unknowingly conform to hegemonic regimes by using their gender data (in which they sell). users who select custom gender options are re-coded (w/o their knowledge) back into a binary/other classification system.

Question 9

What does “removing gender entirely” do in terms of Facebook?

Answer 9

hiding gender from the surface level while retaining a gender value in the database.

Question 10

How does misgendering, in this context, enact symbolic violence?

Answer 10

Misgendering reinforces hegemonic regimes of gender control that perpetuate the violence and discrimination disproportionately faced by these communities.

Question 11

What was MESSNER - Boyhood, organized sports, construction of masculinities about? Method of data collection?

Answer 11

Feminist view looks at men, their construction of masculinity and identity, family (father) and sports

Qualitative research.. Did interviews with 34 former male athletes

Question 12

How can you view personality as a tapestry? How does this relate to gender identity?

Answer 12

• constantly under construction (gender identity: a thread)
• the separation-unity dynamic (more strings add when interacting in social institutions)
• never fixed

Gender identity - process of construction that develops, comes into crisis, and changes as a person interacts with the social world.

Question 13

How is masculine identity formed?

Answer 13

It is shaped by interactions with the internal and the social.

Question 14

Did the men Messner talk to open up about their feelings? If so, what did they say?

Answer 14

• Very open and willing to talk about their feelings
• Rarely asked, especially by other men, to talk about their feelings as a valid part of their existence.
• enjoyment of the sport, approval of other men and father
• needed connection and unity with other people (problematic)

Question 15

What did boys equate with mascunlity? Did girls believe? How does each define sense of self?

(relation: sex-segregated activities allow “gendered cultures” develop)

Answer 15

Boys:
- equate masculinity with competition, physical strength, and skills.
- self: separation from others

Girls:
- highly competitive situations are threats to relationships/identity,
- don’t believe they could do sports
- self: connections with others

Question 16

Is Psychoanalytical theory a good sense for understanding constructions of femininity and masculinity? What’s conditional self worth in boys/sports?

Answer 16

Yes.

Boys become aware that acceptance by others is contingent upon being good and they should be a winner (narrowly - successful in performance).

Question 17

What is GSR 34 - Gender in Dating apps (Bumble and Tinder) about? How does this relate to gender?

Answer 17

dating apps users consciously construct themselves, including their gender identities. gender is primary determinant of who the app thinks you want to date, and is treated as a restrictive and finite set of categories.

Question 18

Why do dating apps and social media platforms (ex. GSR 33 - Facebook) have gender constraints? Are they a product of something?

Answer 18

product of a hegemonic cycle of heteronormative design practices.

Question 19

Tinder vs Bumble

Answer 19

Requires users to use photographs, or visual cues to make their identity intelligible.

VS

Strict gender binary, focused on how the app will be used as opposed to who is using it.

Question 20

What is GSR 35 - Coercive Control in Support of Self-Defence about?

Answer 20

Teresa Craig killed her husband in Kemptville, Ontario, in 2006.

Acted after years of verbal abuse and “coercive control” from her husband.. pattern of behavior ensuring obedience from her and her son.

Question 21

What does Elizabeth Sheehy find about this pattern of abuse?

Answer 21

This pattern is focused on:
- gender of the victim
- their racialization
- status in Canada.

Question 22

Domestic violence is not only ________ but is also an _________ form of violence.

Answer 22

gendered
intersectional

Question 23

How did the Crown present Teresa Craig? How does coercive control change this perspective, what questions does it ask?

Answer 23

The crown:
- ignores as victim and sees as remorseless killer
- because his abuse being verbal and she couldn’t recount being in harm, self defense could not possibly be available
- focuses on whether the woman suffers from a “syndrome” or is a “real” or deserving victim.

Coercive control:
- focuses jurors on the abuser’s strategies and behaviours
- what did it take to make this capable woman afraid and deprive her of her freedom?

Question 24

What is GSR - Male Partner Violence (IMPV) in the Migration Process about?How does the ecosystemic approach examine variables (micro, meso, macro)?

Answer 24

Study of Sri Lankan Tamil Canadian immigrants’ perspectives on factors that contribute to IMPV post-migration

examines variables at different levels of social life,
- “micro” world of the couple relationship
- “meso” world of the extended family and community
- “macro” world of global changes and dynamics that disrupted life in Sri Lanka and created the conditions requiring movement to Canada.

Question 25

Production of post-migration intimate male partner violence involved what three things in the Sri Lanken Case Study?

Answer 25

1. experiences of violence before migrating/boarder crossing
2. gender inequity in the marital institution (marry high status)
3. post-migration changes in social supports (family) as well as in socioeconomic status and privilege (women working better job than male).

Question 26

What is GSR 37 - State Is a Man about? In what structures does Canada seek ongoing settling?

Answer 26

analysis of the Canadian state, settler colonial politics, and the bodies of Indigenous women

Canada’s multicultural, liberal and democratic structure and performance of governance seeks an ongoing “settling” of this land

Question 27

What are the two main arguments GSR 37 - State Is a Man brings up?

Answer 27

1. Canada requires the death and “disappearance” of Indigenous women in order to secure its sovereignty.
2. the sovereign death causes us to think about what counts as governance (state/nation).

Question 28

In December 2012 Theresa Spence protested in what way? What did she want from the Prime Minister of Canada? What movement did this lead to (largest, grass roots & political mvmt in Canadian history)?

Answer 28

She would stop eating until the Prime Minister of Canada met with her to discuss:
- treaties
- deplorable conditions of life in her community
- broader and also deplorable conditions of life in the North.

Caused “Idle No More” movement

Question 29

What have feminist scholars agrued about Native Women’s Bodies in relation to the ‘Settler Eye’?

Answer 29

Native women’s bodies were like:
- land, in settlers eye
- is rendered “unrapeable” (or, “highly rapeable”)
- a matter to be extracted from, used, sullied, taken from, over and over again, something that is already violated and violatable in a great march to accumulate “production.”

Question 30

What was the Lorette Saundres (Feb 2014 - St.Marys Uni) case about? Details?

Answer 30

Was a young Inuk woman who died:
- she was a great student
- was killed by white couple subletting her apartment when she went to collect the overdue rent from them.
- appeared more “white” and less tanned than other women who had died.

Question 31

What was the STEINEM - Acceptance in the Domestic Environment article about?

Answer 31

LGBT seniors seeking acceptance and community in their domestic environments.

Question 32

How was the study done, what did they find?

(STEINEM - Acceptance in the Domestic Environment)

Answer 32

Method
- short demographic survey at the conclusion of focus group sessions.
- seven focus groups over 3-month period with 38 participants.

Results:
- social support networks of LGBT seniors is the role of fictive kin
- regulate their social contact (engage in highest level of emotional satisfaction)
- traditional retirement communities did not offer the same socially accepting living environments.

Question 33

What are the key points from the MANGUSO - Lack of Menopause Books article? What do doctors say/assume? How are women seen in old age?

Answer 33

• aging is framed as a series of losses (fertility, sexuality, and beauty)
• can become a liberation
• signs of age are taken as proof that women are no longer of use
• Manugso: doctors insisted that my problem was imaginary, if not then emotional, or a symptom of perimenopause that I hadn’t noticed before
• Steinke: diary to log the frequency of her hot flashes, creates book with it

-

Question 34

What is menopausal rage in relation to MANGUSO’s Lack of Menopause Books article?

Answer 34

Menopausal rage is more than a symptom of disappointment at not being fertile or conventionally attractive or socially powerful. It is brought on by the waning of estrogen, which in turn reduces serotonin production

Plenty of movies depict female rage, but that rage is infantilized, sexualized, or subdued by the male heroes of the film. On women, even displeasure is unbecoming. On black women, multiply that a thousandfold

Question 35

What is GSR 38 - Organizing Baristas in Halifax Cafes about?

Answer 35

Gender and sexual identities shape the experience of precarious work for 20 baristas in Halifax.. women and queer workers experienced some of the harshest conditions at work, and were very supportive of union organizing efforts.

Question 36

What was GSR 39 - Digital Activism & ‘Me Too’ Movement about?

Answer 36

“Digital activism” has emerged as a new form of social movement that looks quite different from the rallies, marches, and protests that have characterized earlier campaigns.

Cautious optimism about the possibilities for meaningful social change through digital activism and find social media both empowering and disheartening.

Question 37

In the GSR 39 - Digital Activism & ‘Me Too’ Movement, what are key aspects participants brought up?

Answer 37

• key aspect of “fourth wave” digital feminism.
• many participants talked about the emotional “tax” they experienced from listening to stories of abuse, harassment, misogyny and sexism.
• participating in a hashtag like #BeenRapedNeverReported is often both triggering and comforting to participants, a tension that was common among almost all our interviewees, and must be recognized as part of the complexity of doing digital feminist activism.

Question 38

What are three reasons these online campaigns are beneficial?

Answer 38

• provide spaces for a wider range of women and girls to participate in public debates on sexual harassment, sexism and rape culture.
• making women’s and girls’ voices and participation visible (generate ripple effect)
• many powerful (mainly white) men are being held accountable for historic instances of abuse and harassment.

Question 39

What is PEREZ - Long Friday (2017) article about? What happened on October 24th 1975 in Iceland?

Answer 39

• 90% of Icelandic women went on strike, did not do any housework or childcare.
• let the men of Iceland see how they coped without the invisible work women did every day to keep the country moving.

Question 40

In 1976, Iceland passed the Gender Equality Act which outlawed what? What occurred five years later in office? What’s a key fact about Iceland nowadays?

Answer 40

outlawed sex discrimination in workplaces and schools

Vigdis Finnbogadóttir beat three men to become the world’s first democratically elected female head of state

most gender-equal parliament in the world without a quota system

Question 41

What differences have Swedish studies found in overtime work in men and women?

Answer 41

• moderate overtime work increases women’s hospitalization and mortality rate, but has a protective effect for men.
• Working moderately long hours was ‘associated with less risk of contracting heart disease, chronic lung disease, or depression’ in men.
• By contrast, such hours for female workers led to consistent and ‘alarming increases’ in life-threatening diseases, including heart disease and cancer.

Question 42

The truth is that around the world, women continue to be disadvantaged by a ___________ that is based on the ideological belief that male needs are ________.

Answer 42

working culture
universal

Question 43

What is PEREZ - The Drugs Don’t Work (2019) article about?

Answer 43

• Medical system has several flaws, starting in medical school.
• Men are simple reference in textbooks, women are too difference, too complex, too expensive to be studied and therefor there are significant data gaps.
• Iodine pills in pregnant women preventing morning sickness caused alot of birth defects in children before being revoked.
• Sex differences in every cell in body
• No one binary approach to medical care

Question 44

What is PEREZ - Henry Higgins Effect (2019) about?

Answer 44

• When women in higher up positions experience discomfort or want to enact change (ex: pregnant and walking across parking lot, to then make closer parking spots for those who are), meanwhile those in lower positions cannot speak out about this as freely as they don’t want to complain/risk job
• Work related cancers: Large groups of women were coming into Toronto hospitals..Cluster of conditions traditionally associated with chemical exposure..they were all working in nail salons
• EDCs: Harmful in very low concentrations, found in cosmetics, cleaners, etc
• Research done to impact humans is most often done on men and she highlights that after 10 years where women are exposed to well known carcinogens, her risk of breast cancer increases by 42%.

Question 45

What’s the motherhood tax?

Answer 45

‘Motherhood tax’, gender pay gap widens between men and women, over the 12 years after a child is born by 33%.

Question 46

Never to Old - CDC Doc 2019

Answer 46

• Examining women aged 85 and older and how they interact with rural communities
• Experience ageism and sexism
• PhD candiate

Question 47

What are the three myths surrounding women and sports?

Answer 47

1. Not interested in or very good at sports (not something they wanted to pursue)
2. Sport participation is harmful to women, moreover women were cautioned to be careful in deciding to play sports (damage to reproductive organs, menstrual cycle, psychological well-being, breasts, etc).
3. Best performances of women in sport were inferior to men’s best performances.

Question 48

Erving Goffman’s (1956) Dramaturgy - What is front stage & backstage?

Answer 48

Front stage – The roles people play such as following rules and social norms.

Back stage – When people no longer have to play a role in front of others and can be their “true” self

Question 49

Reasons women do not participate in sports with increase in age?

Answer 49

• Less likely to have the time & freedom
• little to no control of the facilities where sports are played, or the programs in those facilities. (men in halifax organizing terf time, may not consider how to grow or support women’s leagues..also if you are new and don’t see someone you can look up to you may feel out of place and lack motivation to continue with the sport).
• Less access to transportation and less overall freedom to move around without fear.
• expected to take full-time responsibility of family members, so you take time, in a sense, away from domestic responsibilities
• sport programs around the world are organized around values, experiences and pride of men.
• don’t consider it a serious job
• more recruiting for men than women, so alot drop the sport
• puberty

Question 50

How has Canada dealt with sex equality issues in sports? (Two Acts)

Answer 50

The Canadian Association for the Advancement of Women & Sport (1981)

The Canadian Charter of Rights & Freedoms Constitution Act of (1982)

Question 51

What happened with the two transgender runners in summer 2021? What about the Canadian soccer player?

Answer 51

Two female runners who were assigned female at birth were told they didn’t qualify as female for certain races but did qualify as female for others;

Laurel Hubbard became the first openly transgender athlete to be cleared to compete on a team that matched her gender identity

Canadian soccer player Quinn is playing on an Olympic team that does not match their gender identity.

Question 52

Third-wave feminism 3 key points

Answer 52

1. In response to the collapse of the category of “women” - foregrounds personal narratives that illustrate an intersectional version of feminism.
2. embrace multi-vocality over synthesis and action over theoretical justification.
3. inclusive and non-judgemental approach that refuses to police the boundaries of the feminist political.

Question 53

Third-wave feminists have made numerous claims about how they differ from second-wave feminists. List some.

Answer 53

• They are a new generation so they have to have their own version.
• Feminism is like fluoride to third-wavers.
• sense of entitlement to equality and self-fulfillment.
• want a feminism that addresses their different societal contexts (e.g. mass media and information technology).
• claim to be less rigid and judgemental than their mothers’ generation…feminism as fun, feminine, and sex-positive
• more inclusive and racially diverse, allows for identities that previously may have been seen to clash with feminism.
• broader vision of politics than second-wave feminism, focus on more than just women’s issues.

Question 54

Global aging is occurring for two major reasons, what are they?

Answer 54

1) more people are living longer
2) fertility rates have declined in many regions of the world.

Question 55

Life-course Perspective attempts to bridge what?

Answer 55

attempts to bridge sociological and psychological constructs about processes at both the macro (population) and micro (individual) levels of analysis.

Question 56

Human development and the life-course is a multidirectional, _________, ______, and _______ process characterized by the simultaneous appearance of _____ and _____.

Answer 56

interactive, fluid, nonlinear process gains, losses

Question 57

How do gender and sexuality affect aging?

Answer 57

Context and culture.

Question 58

Social Gerontology is a subfield of gerontology that focuses on the social aspect of what? And do professionals in the field try strive to do?

Answer 58

growing old…

…strive to improve the interactions between older adults and the rest of the world, including family members, peers, and healthcare professionals.

Question 59

In GSR 37 Simpson makes what main argument(s) in her chapter?
a) That efforts in the Maritimes are not doing enough to address missing and murdered Indigenous women and girls
b) That Canada requires the death and so called “disappearance” of Indigenous woman in order to secure its sovereignty.
c) All of the above
d) None of the above

Answer 59

c) All of the above

Question 60

Who created the MeToo idea?
a) Actress Alyssa Milano in 2017
b) African American women’s rights activist Tarana Burke in 2006
c) Legal scholar Kimberlé Crenshaw in 1989
d) Sociologist Patricia Hill Collins in 1990

Answer 60

b) African American women’s rights activist Tarana Burke in 2006

Question 61

What does a feminist consciousness do and how did the authors describe its development?

Answer 61

..For ‘hashtag participants’…
- allowed them to view sexual violence as a structural problem rather than a personal problem.
- not a matter of making a “bad choice” or interacting with “bad” people; it was the result of a broader structural problem

Question 62

Dr Gambold’s research - International retirement migration

More retired Americans are moving to Mexico than staying in their original country..why? What does gender have to do with it?

Answer 62

…it’s easier to move there, but not many Canadians move to Mexico due to the universal and good healthcare. Americans do not have good healthcare and therefore moved to Mexico to only pay ⅓ of costs for healthcare that was decently better.

…Significantly more women emailed her than men. Initially, it must be because im a women and more women are emailing me..what she found was that significantly more single women who had retired alone instead of single men, though there were a number of couples.
- She was surprised, an older single woman wouldn’t make such a bold move to a frogein country and certainly not to Mexico. Especially in some places where crime is higher.
- Most women were on a fixed income, late in life divorce (hadn’t planned on faced retirement single)

Question 63

Dr Gambold’s research - International retirement migration

What were the pull factors (that allured them there?)

Answer 63

• Int. Retirement migration was a form of aging strategy for these women.
• Most had visited a friend in Mexico and once they were there a light went off.
• it costs less and they saw what lifestyle their friend had (two bedroom apt, walk to markets, hire a cleaner) on roughly $2000…due to financial insecurity there was a feeling of im unsure of doing this or going out for dinner..it was much easier to do by selling everything & moving to Mexico.

Question 64

Dr Gambold’s research - International retirement migration

Fear of the known and wanting a sense of possibility & potential

Answer 64

…fears of retirement, friends saying I can’t wait for you to retire, we will do this and this. Instead of seeing retirement as an opening of possibility, they saw it as a closing due to peer pressure of what we do now that we are retired…
…they felt terrified moving but once they were there they felt so proud and more alive than they were in months

Question 65

Political organizations typically have four areas of interest. What are they?

Answer 65

1. Settle disputes with outside threats
2. Establish allocation of land & land use rights
3. Coordinate relationships with neighboring groups
4. Find a way to mediate between competing interests of individuals within the group

Question 66

Anthropologists aren’t only interested in organizational features of group politics, but also how individuals are able to ____________?

Answer 66

accomplish their goals or achieve their own self interest.

Question 67

Define Fourth Wave Feminism

(Hint: democratic, different enthusiasms, inclusivity)

Answer 67

• Difficult to define, early 2000s things happened to influence feminism
• More effort in involving all ages, demographics, races, etc..
• all you need is access to a screen to discuss and partake not a college degree
• Passionate enthusiasm for romantic genres
• Inclusion to all sexual experiences and liberations as long as consentual

Question 68

What were the first two waves of feminist about?

Answer 68

1st wave: right to vote
2nd wave: working rights and to work as women (choose to start family and not penalized for it)

Question 69

What are three reasons why we study gender?

Answer 69

1. Talking about humanity (studying gender doesn’t just impact womens lives it impacts children, families, all people)
2. A focus on women, taking them seriously
3. Cognizant of both women’s and men’s and nonbinary individuals’ needs in order to make informed judgement on policies that affect both.

Question 70

Dalhousie Dentistry Scandal .. What happened? What was aftermath?

Answer 70

• Group of 4th year dental students, men, were discovered posting sexually explicit comments online.
• Some were directed at women they shared classes with, the whistleblower showed distributing posts to one classmate as she was mentioned by name. That when an incident that may have otherwise gone unnoticed, blew up.
• Dalhousie spent $681,875 in legal fees trying to protect itself and fallout.
• In Jan 2022 Dalhousie had suspended clinic privileges of 13 male students who were identified as members of the groups.
• A lawyer says many of the density students are now employed as dentists.

Question 71

What does the Feminist word mean? ‘F-Word’

Answer 71

1. Women’s and men’s positions in society are the result of social, not natural or biological, factors.
2. Feminists believe in transforming society on behalf of women.
3. Feminists believe that women’s experiences, conerns, and ideas are as valuable as those of men and should be treated with equal seriousness and respect.

Question 72

What do men studies do?

Answer 72

Challenges the patriarchal bias in traditional scholarship, which has tended to take men as the given universal standard against which others are judged.