Unit 2 Exam Flashcards
Demographic Transition
The change in population characteristics of a country to reflect medical technology and social development.
Stage 1 - DTM
- High CBR : Agricultural Society
- High CDR : plagues, famine, & war
- Low NIR
Stage 2 - DTM
- High CBR
- Declining CDR : Industrial Revolution - agricultural & medical improvements
- High NIR
Stage 3 - DTM
- Declining CBR : urbanization, wealth, education, contraceptives
- Low CDR
- Low NIR
Stage 4 - DTM
- Low CBR : low TFR
- Low CDR
- Very Low NIR
Hypothetical Stage 5 - DTM
Negative Increase Rate and Population Growth
Stage 1 - ETM
- epidemics : infectious diseases; famine
example - black death
Stage 2 - ETM
- receding pandemics
example : Cholera
Stage 3 - ETM
- Degenerative Diseases (human created)
example : Cardiovascular disease and Cancer
Stage 4 - ETM
- Delayed Degenerative Diseases
example : cancer, Alzheimers, diabetes
Stage 5 ? - ETM
- Reemerging infectious diseases
examples : Malaria, Ebola, Aids, TB
Thomas Malthus Assumptions
- Food is necessary for survival
- humans will always make babies
TM conclusions
- population grows faster than food supply
~ food increases arithmetically : certain amount of arable : land available - limits food supply
~ population increases geometrically : this impacts economics and public policy
Positive Checks
- raises the death rate
- wars, famine, and disease
Preventive Checks
- lower the birth rate
- abstinence, birth control, celibacy
Critcisms of Malthus
- food increases with technology : fertilizer, pesticides, tools
- Science = agriculture
- Increased labor force = more ideas to improve society
Modern Results
- WP doubled in the 2nd half of the 20th century
- Calorie intake increased
- much of Malthus had been discredited
Migration
The long term relocation of an individual to a new location outside the community of origin.
Push Factor
factors that cause locals to leave their place of residence
Pull Factor
draws/attracts a migrant to a place
Wilbur Kelinsky
Migration Transition Model
Stage 1 - MTM
- daily/seasonal migration for food
Stage 2 - MTM
- Mass international migration begins
- improved farming = decrease in workers
Stage 3 & 4 - MTM
- International migration continues
Internal Migration
cities to suburbs
Stage 5 - MTM
back to cities?
Brain Drain
large scale emigration by talented people : problem in the middle east - shortage of professionals and laborers
emigration
exit
immigration
enter
guest workers
- europe and middle east
- protected by host country laws
- perform low skills jobs
refugee
a person forced out of their home because of political persecution - not due to enslavement
quota
maximum limits
Internally Displaced Person
basically the same as refugee, but doesn’t move across an international border
Asylum Speaker
someone who has migrated to another country in hopes of being recognized as refugee.
foodplain
an area subject to flooding during a specific number of years
Remittance
the transfer of $ by workers to people in the country from which they emigrated.
Unauthorized Immigrant
someone who is entering without proper documents
chain migration
you move to the place your relative moved to previously
circular migration
temporary movement of a migrant worker between home and host countries to seek employment
arithmetic density
total number of objects in an area
physiological density
of people supported by a unit of arable land
agricultural density
ratio of the # of farmers to the amount of arable land
