key issue 1 Flashcards
agriculture
modification of earth’s surface through cultivation of plants and rearing animals to obtain economic grain
what does crop mean?
cultivate - “to care for”
crop
only plants cultivated by people
agricultural revolution
the time when humans first domesticated plants & animals and didn’t have to rely on hunting and gathering
what year did the ag rev occur?
around 8,000 B.C.
How did the ag rev impact human populations?
grew plants & raised animals. humans created larger and more stable source of food so ppl could survive.
Environmental factors involved in the ag rev :
1st domestication of crops & animals coincided w climate change. marked the end of the last ice age, when permanent ice cover receded from earth’s mid-latitudes to the polar regions, resulting in massive redistribution of humans, animals, and plants.
cultural factors in the ag rev :
preference for living in a fixed place rather than as nomads may have led hunters and gatherers to build settlements & store surplus vegetation there. ppl learned how to cut plants and drop fruit. they also learned to pour water over the sites. plant cultivation evolved from a combination of accident and deliberate.
crops domesticated in southwest asia :
barley/wheat/lentil/olive
first animal ever domesticated :
goats
animals domesticated in southwest asia
cattle, goats, pigs, and sheep
hearth of rice
east asia
animals domesticated in central and south asia :
chickens and horses
2 crops domesticated in sub-saharan africa over 9,000 yrs ago :
sorghum and yams
most important crop domesticated in america
corn
subsistence agriculture
the production of food primarily for consumption by the farmers family
commercial agriculture
the production of food primarily for sale off the farm
compare the percentage of farmers between developed and developing countries :
around 3% of farmers in developed countries compared to 42% in developing countries. in developing c’s ppl are subsistence farmers who work to produce food for their family. in developed c’s few ppl are engaged in commercial farming, most ppl buy food.
