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Organisational > Unit 2: Environment > Flashcards

Unit 2: Environment Flashcards

1
Q

what is the boundary of org env?

A

differentiation between inside/outside activities
- what will be outsourced? what will be developed internally?

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2
Q

who is responsible for establihsing the boundaries of org env?

A

Top-level managers

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3
Q

what is the general env?

A

Broad factors, trends & conditions that affect ALL org
-e.g. tech changes, economy, political changes, social/cultural factors

Should MONITOR

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4
Q

What is the SPECIFIC env? & examples

A

factors with immediate relevance for the org.
e.g. unions, suppliers, org of customers

Narrow & Broad

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5
Q

what are the narrow and broad aspects of the specific org env?

A

Narrow: Groups that the org depends on (internal employees, suppliers, customers)

Broad: groups that affect & are affected by org (protest groups, communities, media)

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6
Q

what is the actual org env?

A

the objective/measurable env

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7
Q

what is the perceived env?

A

managers’ interpretation of the environement

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8
Q

how does the perceived env affect DM

A

their perception guides DM. Incorrect perceptions = failures/incorrect decisions

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9
Q

what are the 2 types of env change?

A

Static
Dynamic

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10
Q

whats the difference between static & dynamic change?

A

Static: no technological change, no pressure (legal/political)

Dynamic: rapid, unpredictable change

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11
Q

what are the 3 dimensions for analysing impact?

A

Stability
Complexity
resource availability

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12
Q

Outline STABILITY as a factor for analysing impact of change

A

Extent of dynamic env. elements

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13
Q

Outline COMPLEXITY as a factor for analysing impact of change

A

no. of stakeholders
amount of knowledge needed to understand environment

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14
Q

Outline RESOURCE AVAILABILITY as a factor for analysing impact of change

A

level of resources available
high competition = low resources = uncertainty

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15
Q

What causes uncertainty?

A

the 3 elements of analysing impact (stability, complexity, resource availability)

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16
Q

Who proposed the types of uncertain environments?

A

Emery & Trist

17
Q

What are the 4 types of uncertain environments?

A

Placid & clustered
Placid & randomised
Disturbed & reactive
turbulent

18
Q

which is the most uncertain type of env?

A

Turbulent

19
Q

outline PLACID & CLUSTERED as a type of uncertain env

A

unchanged
env elements are interdependent

20
Q

outline PLACID & RANDOMISED as a type of uncertain env

A

slight, slow, predictable changes
elements NOT interdependent

21
Q

outline DISTURBED & REACTIVE as a type of uncertain env

A

many competitors influencing the org
only adapt after the impact

22
Q

outline TURBULANT as a type of uncertain env

A

dynamic, uncertain, continuous change

difficult to understand causes of change

23
Q

what are the 4 ways to deal with env challenges?

A

control
manage boundaries
inter-org alliances
response to decline

24
Q

what are the 5 elements of the env that you can control?

A

Control the elements that you can..
- norms of rationality (isolate the core of the org from env)
- control fluctuations
- forecasting (anticipate & adapt)
- rationing
-inter-org coping (coalition, competition, bargaining)

25
Q

how do managers manage boundaries?

A

Reduce governance costs
Reduce opportunism (for other parties to take advantage)

26
Q

How would managers tackle high opportunism

A

increase governance costs

27
Q

What are boundary spanning roles

A

they interact with members inside & outside the org to facilitate innovation & synergy

28
Q

why are boundary spanning roles created?

A

to process environmental info
& to represent the organisation as having env influence

29
Q

what are inter organisational alliances?

A

arrangements between 2 or more organisation that offer opportunity

30
Q

what are the potential problems of inter organisational alliances

A

contrast in cultures
conflict between members
unrealistic expectations

31
Q

what is decline

A

when the org is having difficulty adapting to environment.
Involuntary & leads to erosion of resources
A lack of control & understanding

32
Q

What are the 2 possible responses to decline?

A

Population ecology theory: pessimistic, natural selection

Strategic change: optimistic, manager deals with decline

33
Q

What are the 2 basic approaches to manage decline?

A

Recentralisation of DM
Reallocation of resources

34
Q

what are the 3 types of relationships between countries?

A

Complementary: agree
Competition: win
Adversarial: destroy

35
Q

what is a multinational company?

A

From one countries with affiliated in other countries

36
Q

What is a transnational enterprise?

A

when there’s an unclear distinction between the original org & it’s affiliated
Dispersed resources

37
Q

What new skills are needed in a transnational enterprise?

A

mobility
flexibility
understanding/utilisation of cultural diversity
able to competent in other countries

38
Q

what new training is is needed in a transnational enterprise?

A

language
cultural assimilation
field experiences

Organisational (4 decks)

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