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EER 1000 > Unit 2- Earths Building Blocks > Flashcards

Unit 2- Earths Building Blocks Flashcards

1
Q

When did the universe start?

A

13.7 billion years ago

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2
Q

When was the earth formed?

A

4.6 billion years ago

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3
Q

What do we study to determine the Earths age?

A

Meteorites

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4
Q

How do we think Earth and other planets are formed?

A

Collisions in the disc-shaped cloud of material that also formed the sun.

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5
Q

True or False: Earth’s mantle formed first.

A

False: The Earths core formed first.

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6
Q

What captured the gases making up the Earth’s atmosphere?

A

Gravity

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7
Q

What caused the rise of mountains and volcanos?

A

The collisions of plate tectonics.

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8
Q

Who is Aldo Leopold?

A

The father of of wildlife and ecology who wrote the book A Sand Country Almanac.

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9
Q

Who is Rachel Carson?

A

An American marine biologist who wrote the book Silent Spring.

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10
Q

True or False: The order of the Earth from inner to outer is inner core-> outer core-> mantle->crust

A

True

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11
Q

What is another name for the crust and mantle?

A

Lithosphere

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12
Q

How deep is the Earth

A

6 378km

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13
Q

True or False: The Earth is 50% ocean.

A

False: It is 70% ocean.

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14
Q

When did the Earth’s atmosphere form?

A

4 billion years ago

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15
Q

3.5 billion years ago photosynthetic organisms called ______ evolved

A

Cyanobacteria

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16
Q

What are cyanobacteria, and what is a colony called?

A

Phylum of bacteria that obtain energy through photosynthesis, and are the only photosynthetic prokaryotes able to produce oxygen. Colony called stromatolites.

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17
Q

When did the great oxidation event occur, and what did it produce?

A

Occurred 2.4 billion years ago and formed the ozone layer.

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18
Q

When did multicellular life form?

A

1.2 billion years ago

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19
Q

When did land plants form?

A

475 million years ago

20
Q

When did Dinosaurs form and go extinct?

A

Formed- 240 million years ago

Extinct- 66 million years ago

21
Q

When did the earliest mammals form?

A

210 million years ago

22
Q

When did modern humans form?

A

200 000 years ago

23
Q

What is uniformitarianism?

A

Principle that the same gradual and nearly the same processes are operating now and have operated in the past.

24
Q

True of false: Precambrian accounts for 85% of geologic time.

A

True

25
Q

What percentage of species went extinct over the five mass extinction events?

A

75%

26
Q

Who is the scientist who between 1797 and 1875 noticed the layering of rocks?

A

Sir Charles Lyell

27
Q

When cartographer in 1598 speculated shifted continents?

A

Abraham Ortelius

28
Q

Which scientist came up with the theory of continental drift in 1912?

A

Alfred Wegener

29
Q

True or False: There are 10 major plates and 4 minor plates.

A

False: There are 7 major and 7 minor plates.

30
Q

What is topography?

A

Changes in elevation over a particular area resulting most often from two process: deposition and erosion.

31
Q

What is mechanical weathering?

A

Also known as physical weathering- when substances like wind, water and ice erode rocks.

32
Q

Ice freezing and thawing in fractures of rocks widening the cracks is an example of what?

A

Mechanical weathering

33
Q

What is chemical weathering?

A

Breaking down rocks using substances.

34
Q

Rocks formed at high temperature and pressure exposed to surface conditions and becoming unstable is an example of what?

A

Chemical Weathering

35
Q

What is a mineral? Give an example.

A

A naturally occurring inorganic substance. Ex. Quartz

36
Q

What is a rock? Give an example.

A

Rocks are composed of minerals and have great variety in characteristics, composition and age. Ex. marble

37
Q

What are the three types of rocks?

A

Igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic.

38
Q

Igneous forms from ____, sedimentary forms from _____, and metamorphic forms from _____.

A

Molten rock, debris eroded from other rocks, rocks changed by heat and/or pressure.

39
Q

What are the two types of ingneous rock?

A

Intrusive and Extrusive

40
Q

Cooled lava is an example of what?

A

Igneous rock

41
Q

Limestone, shale, sandstone and organic sediments are an example of what?

A

Sedimentary rock

42
Q

Marble and slate are an example of what?

A

Metamorphic rock.

43
Q

What are three precious metals that come from the earths crust?

A

Gold, Silver, Copper

44
Q

Give an example of two native elements.

A

Gold and Diamond

45
Q

True of False: Mining is an unsustainable practice because of its focus on depleting raw natural resources.

A

True

46
Q

What is another name for columbite-tantalite?

A

Coltan

47
Q

What are some major issues with mining Colton in the Congo?

A

Illegal extraction, unfair work condition

EER 1000 (6 decks)

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