unit 2 drug deliverys Flashcards
what does enteral do
absorption via the GI tract
what does Parenteral do
delivered into tissue fluids or blood (ex:
injections, i
local
topical ex eye drops
what are enteric delivery systems
Enteric coated
Suppositories rectal mucosa
Feeding tubes
Sublingua
pros and cons of enteric delivary
Safe
◦ Convenient
◦ Self-administration
◦ Economical
◦ Non-invasive
cons
Slow onset of action
◦ Possible GI irritation
◦ Cannot be given to unconscious/uncooperative
◦ May undergo extensive first pass metabolism
what are the parental drug delivery’s
Intradermal
Subcutaneous
Intramuscular
Intravenous
Inhalation
Transdermal
Transmucosal
pros and cons of parenteral drug delivary
IV route = Rapid action
◦ More predictable action
◦ Ease of administration to uncooperative/unconscious patients
◦ Avoids first pass metabolism
◦ Avoids GI irritation
* Disadvantages
◦ May be painful
◦ May damage nerves or other tissue
◦ More expensive
◦ Less safe
◦ Asepsis must be maintained
what are topical drug delivery’s
Ointment
* Cream
* Gel
* Powder
* Paste
* Mucous membranes
pros and cons of innovative drugs
Improves compliance
◦ Drug stays in the tissue even after lens removal
◦ Continuous drug delivery
◦ Avoids need for drops or surgery
◦ Not very invasive
* Concerns
◦ Cost
◦ Contact lens intolerance
◦ Risk of infection
what does adverse affect mean
potential harmful effect;
- Iatrogenic-
physician induced; an illness caused by the
drug treatment;
Teratogenicity
Causes fetal abnormalities when given
to the pregnant mother
whats a type A reaction
Pharmacologically mediated
◦ the drug impacts the patient by causing a
greater effect than expected
whats a type b reaction
Hypersensitivity a type of allergic reaction
type 1 reaction
IgE mediated immediate reaction
◦ typical allergy type reaction
◦ but can lead to anaphylaxis
type 2
Antibody-drug antigen complexes lead to
cellular destruction.
Type III
Large antibody-antigen complexes form, cause
inflammation and tissue damage.
type 4
Inflammatory response involving T-cells and
macrophages that occurs 24-72 hours after
exposure to drug; Often is a rash.
why is cap color important
Helps with identifying different medication classes quickly
* Reduce drug errors
* Much easier to identify a colour than reading a labe
red meaning
danger burning
teal is
anti infectives
pink is
anti inflammatory
red is
mydriatics and cycloplegiess
grey is
non steroidal anti inflammatoriws
light blue and yellow is
beta blockers.
green is
miotic
purple is
adrenergic agonist
orange is
carbonic anhydrase inhibtors
blue
prostaglandin analogs
Corticosteroids
– treat inflammation and allergies
Cycloplegics and mydriatics
– dilate pupils and pain management
Alpha-adrenergic agonists
Glaucoma treatment; Lower intraocular pressure
Beta blockers –
glaucoma treatment; reduce IOP
CAIs
glaucoma treatment
Prostaglandin analogs
glaucoma treatment
Antihistamines
allergies
NSAIDs
postoperative inflammation
Neomycin® : aminoglycoside
: Tan/Beige
*Skin irritation, itching, rashes, allergic
pred forte
pink strong steroid
Cyclogyl® (cyclopentolate)
red Tachycardia (rapid heart rate), dry
mouth, headache, nausea, vomiting, flushed skin
Adults recommended dosage
x 2 max x12 12 days
Children recommended dosage
x 5 max 5 days
overdose heath concerns
Liver Damage
