unit 1 Flashcards
Pharmacon
biologically active substance
logos
a study
Drug definition
a substance (other than food) intended to affect the structure of FUNCTION of the BODY
Drug medicine definition
◦ “A substance intended for use as a component of a medicine but not a device or a component, part, or accessory of a device”
Drugs can be __ or __.
natural (50%) or synthetic (50%)
Morphine is a _ drug
natural
Aspirin is a _ drug
Synthetic (made from chemicals)
What is prescription drugs?
Drugs that require a doctor to prescribe them
What are over-the-counter drugs?
Drugs available without a prescription.
3 ways of naming pharmaceuticals
- chemical name
- generic names (shortened)
- trade or brand name (recognize)
A drug works by __ existing functions by a ligand __ to a target. Then changes the shape and signal.
modifying
binding
Agonist Drug
helps give activity and mimics the natural agonists in the body (for enhanced results)
Antagonist drug
BINDS to the cell receptor and BLOCKS access to site of natural agonists
Active ingredient refers to the ingredient that causes the _ effects
biological
Off-label prescribing
prescribing that isn’t OFFICIALLY approved but often done when others agree
Pharmacokinetics
the movement of drugs throughout body (Absorption / Drug in circulation, drug in distributed in tissues, drug metalized, drug excreted)
Pharamcodynamics
the effects of drugs: therapeutic effects and toxic effects
Pharmacokinetics: the movement of drugs across bilogical membranes happens in these 3 ways
- Passive transfer
- Carrier-mediated transfer
- Endocytosis
Passive transfer
Simple diffusion. It moves molecules through membranes (HIGH to LOW).
Carrier-mediated transport
Facilitated diffusion. Carrier proteins move the molecules
Active transport
low to HIGH
Endocytosis
a form of ACTIVE transport using cell membrane
9 things that impact the rate of absorption of a drug
- dissolving time
- formulation of drug
- size of particles
- solubility
- Ph
- GI motility (gastro-int)
- Food in stomach
- metabolism
- Surface area of intestines
What impacts RATE of DISTRIBUTION
- lipid solubility
- blood flow
- ionization process
Drug is eliminated through
- renal (kidneys)
- fecal
- pulmonary (arteries)
- glands
Stimulation (increases/decreases) activity in specific CELLS
increases
Depression (increases/decreases) activity in specific CELLS
decreases
Irritation (increases/decreases) INFLAMATION in specific CELLS (cells die)
increases
What do ANTI-INFECTIVE drugs do?
destroy infective organisms
Factors that influence the effect of drugs
- weight
- age
- gender
- race
- metabolism
- health
• PharmacoGENOMics
how the GENOME impacts how an indiv responds to drug
• Pharmacoeconomics
Analysis of value for the money that is spent on the drug
TOXICOLOGY
deals with adverse effects of drugs / study of poison
SOLUTIONS pros and cons
SOLUTION PROS
1. Solutions easier to instill than ointments
2 Solutions have shorter contact time
SOLUTION CONS
1. More irritating than ointments
OINTMENT USE & Pros/Cons
USE: ointment is a semi-solid substance applied to lower eyelid to treat disorders
OINTMENT CON: 1. allergies, 2. blurred vision
OINTMENT PRO: 1. more stable 2. less contamination
SUSPENSION
substance that separates and must be shaken b/c big particles fall to bottom
A COMPOUNDED pharmaceutical
made to order by pharmacist
PROS
can customize it (allergies), change formation (e.g. pills to cream)
e.g. can compound (make/combine) different eye drops
Parts of a drug prescription
- pharmacy name, address, and phone
- patient name, address, and birthdate
- date of prescription
- Rx symbol (superscription)
- Drug name & type
- Instructions
- Quantity
- Refill info
9 Signature
Prescription abbreviation OD
Oculus dexter (right eye)
Prescription abbreviation OS
Oculus sinister (left eye)
Prescription abbreviation OU
both eyes
Prescription abbreviation QID, TID, BID
QID 4x, TID 3x, Bid 2x
Prescription abbreviation QHS
At bedtime
Prescription abbreviation GT
drops (e.g. 3 gt = 3 drops)
