Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

hscl 309 (pathology) > unit 1 > Flashcards

unit 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Pharmacon

A

biologically active substance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

logos

A

a study

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Drug definition

A

a substance (other than food) intended to affect the structure of FUNCTION of the BODY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Drug medicine definition

A

◦ “A substance intended for use as a component of a medicine but not a device or a component, part, or accessory of a device”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Drugs can be __ or __.

A

natural (50%) or synthetic (50%)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Morphine is a _ drug

A

natural

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Aspirin is a _ drug

A

Synthetic (made from chemicals)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is prescription drugs?

A

Drugs that require a doctor to prescribe them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are over-the-counter drugs?

A

Drugs available without a prescription.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

3 ways of naming pharmaceuticals

A
  1. chemical name
  2. generic names (shortened)
  3. trade or brand name (recognize)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

A drug works by __ existing functions by a ligand __ to a target. Then changes the shape and signal.

A

modifying
binding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Agonist Drug

A

helps give activity and mimics the natural agonists in the body (for enhanced results)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Antagonist drug

A

BINDS to the cell receptor and BLOCKS access to site of natural agonists

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Active ingredient refers to the ingredient that causes the _ effects

A

biological

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Off-label prescribing

A

prescribing that isn’t OFFICIALLY approved but often done when others agree

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Pharmacokinetics

A

the movement of drugs throughout body (Absorption / Drug in circulation, drug in distributed in tissues, drug metalized, drug excreted)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Pharamcodynamics

A

the effects of drugs: therapeutic effects and toxic effects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Pharmacokinetics: the movement of drugs across bilogical membranes happens in these 3 ways

A
  1. Passive transfer
  2. Carrier-mediated transfer
  3. Endocytosis
19
Q

Passive transfer

A

Simple diffusion. It moves molecules through membranes (HIGH to LOW).

20
Q

Carrier-mediated transport

A

Facilitated diffusion. Carrier proteins move the molecules

21
Q

Active transport

A

low to HIGH

22
Q

Endocytosis

A

a form of ACTIVE transport using cell membrane

23
Q

9 things that impact the rate of absorption of a drug

A
  1. dissolving time
  2. formulation of drug
  3. size of particles
  4. solubility
  5. Ph
  6. GI motility (gastro-int)
  7. Food in stomach
  8. metabolism
  9. Surface area of intestines
24
Q

What impacts RATE of DISTRIBUTION

A
  1. lipid solubility
  2. blood flow
  3. ionization process
25
Q

Drug is eliminated through

A
  1. renal (kidneys)
  2. fecal
  3. pulmonary (arteries)
  4. glands
26
Q

Stimulation (increases/decreases) activity in specific CELLS

A

increases

27
Q

Depression (increases/decreases) activity in specific CELLS

A

decreases

28
Q

Irritation (increases/decreases) INFLAMATION in specific CELLS (cells die)

A

increases

29
Q

What do ANTI-INFECTIVE drugs do?

A

destroy infective organisms

30
Q

Factors that influence the effect of drugs

A
  1. weight
  2. age
  3. gender
  4. race
  5. metabolism
  6. health
31
Q

• PharmacoGENOMics

A

how the GENOME impacts how an indiv responds to drug

32
Q

• Pharmacoeconomics

A

Analysis of value for the money that is spent on the drug

33
Q

TOXICOLOGY

A

deals with adverse effects of drugs / study of poison

34
Q

SOLUTIONS pros and cons

A

SOLUTION PROS
1. Solutions easier to instill than ointments
2 Solutions have shorter contact time

SOLUTION CONS
1. More irritating than ointments

35
Q

OINTMENT USE & Pros/Cons

A

USE: ointment is a semi-solid substance applied to lower eyelid to treat disorders

OINTMENT CON: 1. allergies, 2. blurred vision
OINTMENT PRO: 1. more stable 2. less contamination

36
Q

SUSPENSION

A

substance that separates and must be shaken b/c big particles fall to bottom

37
Q

A COMPOUNDED pharmaceutical

A

made to order by pharmacist

PROS
can customize it (allergies), change formation (e.g. pills to cream)
e.g. can compound (make/combine) different eye drops

38
Q

Parts of a drug prescription

A
  1. pharmacy name, address, and phone
  2. patient name, address, and birthdate
  3. date of prescription
  4. Rx symbol (superscription)
  5. Drug name & type
  6. Instructions
  7. Quantity
  8. Refill info
    9 Signature
39
Q

Prescription abbreviation OD

A

Oculus dexter (right eye)

40
Q

Prescription abbreviation OS

A

Oculus sinister (left eye)

41
Q

Prescription abbreviation OU

A

both eyes

42
Q

Prescription abbreviation QID, TID, BID

A

QID 4x, TID 3x, Bid 2x

43
Q

Prescription abbreviation QHS

A

At bedtime

44
Q

Prescription abbreviation GT

A

drops (e.g. 3 gt = 3 drops)

hscl 309 (pathology) (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions