Unit 2 Concepts Flashcards
supra-level design
“top-down,” general material structure of the document: the kind, shape, size, and color of paper—or whatever material(s)—it is printed on, how it is intended to be distributed
extra-level design
refers to how visuals are placed on the page—their relation to each other as well as their relation to the textual, non-visual elements of the page
inter-level design
about text, and text alone; it is concerned with helping readers comprehend texts fields and their relationship to each other—from line to line, paragraph to paragraph, column to column, and so on
intra-level design
only about text, it deals with all the “local variations of text, character by character, word by word
grid
a plan for the underlying structure of a page, used as a guide in design
white space
blank space in the page, it helps readers to see how a page is organized and how its information is “chunked”
live area
the area of a page where text and visuals will appear, as defined by the page’s outside margins
text field
any area on the page where text is unified in function and purpose
alleys
spaces between columns
header
Identifying information carried at the top of each page
footer
Identifying information carried at the bottom of each page
heading
Text set apart to indicate the beginning of a section of text
captions
identifying or explanatory information appearing adjacent to a visual within a document
rules
vertical or horizontal lines used to divide one area of the page from another
justification
the alignment of lines of text on the page (either left, right, or full justify)
widow
A word or portion of a word appearing alone in a page’s final line of text
orphan
A word or portion of a word appearing alone at the beginning of the first line of text at the top of a new page
typography
art and process of arranging type in order to make language visible
legibility
the ability to distinguish recognizable characters as text
readability
the ability to
connect recognizable characters and comprehend them as larger verbal units (like words)
font
a complete set of all the characters available in one typeface
style
refers to all the possible modifications to a base font face, such as bold, italic, and underline
point
a unit used in measuring line height and length. Twelve points equal one pica.
pica
a unit used in measuring line height and length. Six picas equal one inch
leading
the space between lines of text
tracking
the space between all the characters in a line of text
kerning
refers more specifically to the space between pairs of characters
serifs
projections at the ends of letters
sans serifs
letters without projections at the end
word space
the standardized space between words set in a particular font, usually equivalent to the size of the letter “i” in that font
rivers
lines of white space that weave through the lines of a paragraph and are visually disorienting to readers
monoweight
A font in which all of the strokes of the letters have the same thickness or weight–no thick/thin contrast
ascenders
strokes above the x-height
descenders
strokes below the x-height
baseline
the line on which the type is set–barring descenders
x-height
the height of the bulk of the letter–anything that is not an ascender or decender
point size
the height of the ascender + x-height + descender
crossbar
the strike across the lowercase e
counter
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