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SPRING 2024: Principles II > UNIT 2: Computers & Network Basics > Flashcards

UNIT 2: Computers & Network Basics Flashcards

1
Q

Types of computers: Microcomputers

A

• Single microprocessor
• Ex: PC or laptop

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2
Q

Types of computers: Minicomputer/Array Processor

A

• Contain many microprocessors working in tandem
• Ex: CT and MRI computers

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3
Q

Types of computers: Mainframe/Supercomputers

A

• Thousands of microprocessors
• Military, government, corporate use

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4
Q

Computer

A

Device that performs mathematical computations, manipulates information and makes decisions

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5
Q

Algorithm

A

concise set of instructions for a single specific task (ex: 2+2=4)

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6
Q

Computer Program

A

a set of algorithms (ex: calculate taxes, word processing, etc)

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7
Q

Artificial Intelligence

A

ability of a machine to make decisions based on logic functions

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8
Q

Input and Output devices

A

Input: Keyboard, Mouse, Webcam, Microphone
Output: Monitor, Speaker, Printer

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9
Q

CPU (Central Processing Unit) Functions

A

• Control Unit: Directs flow of data between the memory and the ALU and between the peripherals and the CPU
• Arithmetic/Logic Unit(ALU): Performs arithmetic and logic calculations needed to solve problems

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10
Q

Computer Memory is measured in

A

bits/bytes (Kilobytes, Megabytes, Gigabytes, Terabytes)

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11
Q

Computer memory: RAM (Random Access Memory)

A

• Short term storage for program while in use
• Erased when computer is shut down
• More RAM = Faster computing

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12
Q

Computer memory: ROM (Read Only Memory)

A

• Permanently stored
• Cannot be erased or written over

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13
Q

Computer Parts: System Clock

A

• Processing time
(Measured in megahertz, gigahertz, and terahertz)

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14
Q

Computer Parts: CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor)

A

-Memory chip with its own power source
-This device is controlled by a separate battery and is responsible for retaining information about the PC’s hardware while the computer is turned off

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15
Q

Computer Parts: Hard Drive vs. Solid State Drive

A

• HDD: mechanical storage device with spinning discs, slowest part of a computer because it is mechanical.
• SSD: memory chips. Faster.

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16
Q

Computer software: Systems Software

A
  • Systems software: Makes the system operate and more user friendly
  • Refers to the operating system
    •Operating systems : Windows, MAC-OS
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17
Q

Computer Software: Applications Software

A

Applications software: carries out specific types of user tasks
• Word, Excel

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18
Q

Computer Communication: Interface

A

-connection between computers or between a computer and peripheral device(s)
-a method in which the user can communicate with the computer hardware and software. It resides in the Operating System

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19
Q

Computer Communication: Modem

A

Converts between analog signal and binary code for transmission of data via telephone lines or optical fiber

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20
Q

Computer Communication: Teleradiography

A

the electronic transmission of imaging studies from one location to another

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21
Q

MIMPS (Medical Image Management and Processing System)

A

• Provides long term storage of images
• Allows retrieval of images for viewing
• Allows transmission/distribution of images to remote sites

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22
Q

MIMPS is a Service Class network. Computer stations within a MIMPS network will be either _____ or _____

A

SCU (Service Class User), SCP(Service Class Provider)

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23
Q

SCU (Service Class User)

A

• Image Acquisition stations
• Viewing stations

*acts as the client

24
Q

SCP (Service Class Provider)

A

• MIMPS/PACS Workstations
• MIMPS/PACS servers

*acts as the client server

25
What is LAN (Local Area Network)?
Manages flow of images and data within the hospital/clinic setting
26
What is WAN (Wide Area Network)?
Images sent out of the hospital. Spans a large area and connects two or more LAN
27
DICOM (Digital Imaging and Communication in Medicine)
-Standardizes the transmission of medical images so they can be transmitted and translated accurately across different machines -Images burned on DVD paired with a "DICOM viewer" app -The medical imaging communications protocol that allows different medical imaging devices and applications to interface. This interface sets standards for images to be transmitted over the network or viewed on a displayed monitor.
28
Health-Level 7 (HL7)
-Allows devices from various different manufacturers to communicate medical information -HIS, RIS and PACs all interface in an health care facility using a non-image application interface protocol called HL-7 (health level -7). This protocol sets standards for non- image related patient information to be transmitted over the facilities electronic medical record (EMR) network, such as patients' clinical reports, personal and financial information.
29
HIPPA (Health Insurance Portability Accountability Act)
Requires that communications concerning health-care information must have features to safeguard both the identify of an individual and the confidentiality of the information
30
Lossy vs Lossless
-Lossy: 10:1 pixel loss or greater (unacceptable). Data compression techniques in which some amount of data is lost. This technique attempts to eliminate redundant information. -Lossless: 8:1 pixel loss or less (acceptable). A data compression algorithm that allows the original data to be perfectly reconstructed from the compressed data.
31
RAID stands for
Redundant Array of Independent Discs
32
BUS
a series of connections using wires or fibers that control how information moves through the computer
33
HIS vs RIS
-HIS is a hospital-wide information system used to access patient information, reports from various services, and billing information(maintains electronic medical records (EMR) of a patient) -RIS is typically a system specifically designed to place radiology orders, to receive interpretations, and to prepare bills for patients also stores imaging reports, schedule radiology exams, track patient wait time
34
EMR (Electronic Medical Records)
Patient medical record from a single medical practice, hospital, or pharmacy
35
What does BIOS stand for
Basic Input/Output System -Functions: • runs the start-up diagnostics on the system. • makes sure all of the peripherals are functioning properly. • oversees the basic functions of receiving and interpreting signals. • acts as the intermediary between the operating system and the hardware.
36
PACS (Picture Archiving and Communication System)
-An integrated computer system that obtains, stores, retrieves, and displays digital images (in healthcare, radiological images) -Enables a department to receive images from the modalities, store them and send them to radiologists and referring physicians for viewing
37
Radiology information system (RIS)
a system specifically designed to place radiology orders, to receive interpretations, and to prepare bills for patients also stores imaging reports, schedule radiology exams, track patient wait time
38
RIS and PACS can be connected to the
hospital information system (HIS)
39
Input vs Output devices
**• Input devices:** •Keyboards •Mice •Microphones •Bar code readers •Touch screens • Image scanners • Barcode scanner • Fax machine **•Output devices:** •Monitors •Printers •Speakers
40
A computer includes at least 5 hardware components:
• An input device • Central processing unit (CPU) • Internal memory • Output device • External memory or storage
41
The CPU contains
The control unit-directs the activities of the machine and the ALU
42
Hard copy vs Soft copy
• Hard copy - any physical output like paper or film • Soft copy - viewing device like a monitor, projector or video display
43
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
a small chip found on the motherboard, sometimes called the "brains" of the computer
44
Motherboard
-The motherboard is the largest circuitry board inside the computer -Consist of: CPU, BIOS, Bus, CMOS, memory and other connections
45
Ports
Connectors on the PC that link adapter cards, drives, printers, scanners, keyboards and mice, and other peripherals
46
USB
Universal serial bus- connects peripheral device, flash drives, cameras etc. to the computer
47
The system clock that keeps track of the date and time is in the
CMOS
48
Memory
Memory stores information being currently processed within the CPU
49
Monitors
-An output device that allows the used to see the result of computer processing on a screen. -There are two types of monitors in use today: • Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) • Liquid Crystal Display (LCD)
50
Computer Software
-A set of instructions that make the hardware work to solve problems. -Two types of software: • Operating systems software • Applications software.
51
MAC-OS, Windows, and Unix are three examples of
Operating software
52
The operating system (OS) integrates hardware and software, allowing them to work together. The software type that refers specifically to the operating system (OS) is called
System software
53
Bytes in order
-1 or 0 = 1 Bit -1 byte = 8 bits -1 kilobyte (KB) =1024 bytes -1 megabyte(MB) =1000 kilobytes -1 gigabyte(GB) = 1000 megabyte -1 terabyte (TB) = 1000 gigabytes
54
T or F: Array processors are typically used for computer processing of large data sets, such as digital image processing
True
55
When the raw data is processed and compressed at the modality, it is now called
image data
56
What networks are designed as client server networks
MIMPS/PACS

SPRING 2024: Principles II (13 decks)

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