Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

SPRING 2024: Principles II > UNIT 2: Computers & Network Basics > Flashcards

UNIT 2: Computers & Network Basics Flashcards

1
Q

Types of computers: Microcomputers

A

• Single microprocessor
• Ex: PC or laptop

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Types of computers: Minicomputer/Array Processor

A

• Contain many microprocessors working in tandem
• Ex: CT and MRI computers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Types of computers: Mainframe/Supercomputers

A

• Thousands of microprocessors
• Military, government, corporate use

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Computer

A

Device that performs mathematical computations, manipulates information and makes decisions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Algorithm

A

concise set of instructions for a single specific task (ex: 2+2=4)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Computer Program

A

a set of algorithms (ex: calculate taxes, word processing, etc)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Artificial Intelligence

A

ability of a machine to make decisions based on logic functions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Input and Output devices

A

Input: Keyboard, Mouse, Webcam, Microphone
Output: Monitor, Speaker, Printer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

CPU (Central Processing Unit) Functions

A

• Control Unit: Directs flow of data between the memory and the ALU and between the peripherals and the CPU
• Arithmetic/Logic Unit(ALU): Performs arithmetic and logic calculations needed to solve problems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Computer Memory is measured in

A

bits/bytes (Kilobytes, Megabytes, Gigabytes, Terabytes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Computer memory: RAM (Random Access Memory)

A

• Short term storage for program while in use
• Erased when computer is shut down
• More RAM = Faster computing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Computer memory: ROM (Read Only Memory)

A

• Permanently stored
• Cannot be erased or written over

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Computer Parts: System Clock

A

• Processing time
(Measured in megahertz, gigahertz, and terahertz)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Computer Parts: CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor)

A

-Memory chip with its own power source
-This device is controlled by a separate battery and is responsible for retaining information about the PC’s hardware while the computer is turned off

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Computer Parts: Hard Drive vs. Solid State Drive

A

• HDD: mechanical storage device with spinning discs, slowest part of a computer because it is mechanical.
• SSD: memory chips. Faster.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Computer software: Systems Software

A
  • Systems software: Makes the system operate and more user friendly
  • Refers to the operating system
    •Operating systems : Windows, MAC-OS
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Computer Software: Applications Software

A

Applications software: carries out specific types of user tasks
• Word, Excel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Computer Communication: Interface

A

-connection between computers or between a computer and peripheral device(s)
-a method in which the user can communicate with the computer hardware and software. It resides in the Operating System

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Computer Communication: Modem

A

Converts between analog signal and binary code for transmission of data via telephone lines or optical fiber

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Computer Communication: Teleradiography

A

the electronic transmission of imaging studies from one location to another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

MIMPS (Medical Image Management and Processing System)

A

• Provides long term storage of images
• Allows retrieval of images for viewing
• Allows transmission/distribution of images to remote sites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

MIMPS is a Service Class network. Computer stations within a MIMPS network will be either _____ or _____

A

SCU (Service Class User), SCP(Service Class Provider)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

SCU (Service Class User)

A

• Image Acquisition stations
• Viewing stations

*acts as the client

24
Q

SCP (Service Class Provider)

A

• MIMPS/PACS Workstations
• MIMPS/PACS servers

*acts as the client server

25
Q

What is LAN (Local Area Network)?

A

Manages flow of images and data within the hospital/clinic setting

26
Q

What is WAN (Wide Area Network)?

A

Images sent out of the hospital. Spans a large area and connects two or more LAN

27
Q

DICOM (Digital Imaging and Communication in Medicine)

A

-Standardizes the transmission of medical images so they can be transmitted and translated accurately across different machines
-Images burned on DVD paired with a “DICOM viewer” app

-The medical imaging communications protocol that allows different medical imaging devices and applications to interface. This interface sets standards for images to be transmitted over the network or viewed on a displayed monitor.

28
Q

Health-Level 7 (HL7)

A

-Allows devices from various different manufacturers to communicate medical information
-HIS, RIS and PACs all interface in an health care facility using a non-image application interface protocol called HL-7 (health level -7). This protocol sets standards for non- image related patient information to be transmitted over the facilities electronic medical record (EMR) network, such as patients’ clinical reports, personal and financial information.

29
Q

HIPPA (Health Insurance Portability Accountability Act)

A

Requires that communications concerning health-care information must have features to safeguard both the identify of an individual and the confidentiality of the information

30
Q

Lossy vs Lossless

A

-Lossy: 10:1 pixel loss or greater (unacceptable). Data compression techniques in which some amount of data is lost. This technique attempts to eliminate redundant information.

-Lossless: 8:1 pixel loss or less (acceptable). A data compression algorithm that allows the original data to be perfectly reconstructed from the compressed data.

31
Q

RAID stands for

A

Redundant Array of Independent Discs

32
Q

BUS

A

a series of connections using wires or fibers that control how information moves through the computer

33
Q

HIS vs RIS

A

-HIS is a hospital-wide information system used to access patient information, reports from various services, and billing information(maintains electronic medical records (EMR) of a patient)
-RIS is typically a system specifically designed to place radiology orders, to receive interpretations, and to prepare bills for patients also stores imaging reports, schedule radiology exams, track patient wait time

34
Q

EMR (Electronic Medical Records)

A

Patient medical record from a single medical practice, hospital, or pharmacy

35
Q

What does BIOS stand for

A

Basic Input/Output System

-Functions:
• runs the start-up diagnostics on the system.
• makes sure all of the peripherals are functioning properly.
• oversees the basic functions of receiving and interpreting signals.
• acts as the intermediary between the operating system and the hardware.

36
Q

PACS (Picture Archiving and Communication System)

A

-An integrated computer system that obtains, stores, retrieves, and displays digital images (in healthcare, radiological images)
-Enables a department to receive images from the modalities, store them and send them to radiologists and referring physicians for viewing

37
Q

Radiology information system (RIS)

A

a system specifically designed to place radiology orders, to receive interpretations, and to prepare bills for patients also stores imaging reports, schedule radiology exams, track patient wait time

38
Q

RIS and PACS can be connected to the

A

hospital information system (HIS)

39
Q

Input vs Output devices

A

• Input devices:
•Keyboards
•Mice
•Microphones
•Bar code readers
•Touch screens
• Image scanners
• Barcode scanner
• Fax machine

•Output devices:
•Monitors
•Printers
•Speakers

40
Q

A computer includes at least 5 hardware components:

A

• An input device
• Central processing unit (CPU)
• Internal memory
• Output device
• External memory or storage

41
Q

The CPU contains

A

The control unit-directs the activities of the machine and the ALU

42
Q

Hard copy vs Soft copy

A

• Hard copy - any physical output like paper or film
• Soft copy - viewing device like a monitor, projector or video display

43
Q

Central Processing Unit (CPU)

A

a small chip found on the motherboard, sometimes called the “brains” of the computer

44
Q

Motherboard

A

-The motherboard is the largest circuitry board inside the computer
-Consist of: CPU, BIOS, Bus, CMOS, memory and other connections

45
Q

Ports

A

Connectors on the PC that link adapter cards, drives, printers, scanners, keyboards and mice, and other peripherals

46
Q

USB

A

Universal serial bus- connects peripheral device, flash drives, cameras etc. to the computer

47
Q

The system clock that keeps track of the date and time is in the

A

CMOS

48
Q

Memory

A

Memory stores information being currently processed within the CPU

49
Q

Monitors

A

-An output device that allows the used to see the result of computer processing on a screen.

-There are two types of monitors in use today:
• Cathode Ray Tube (CRT)
• Liquid Crystal Display (LCD)

50
Q

Computer Software

A

-A set of instructions that make the hardware work to solve problems.
-Two types of software:
• Operating systems software
• Applications software.

51
Q

MAC-OS, Windows, and Unix are three examples of

A

Operating software

52
Q

The operating system (OS) integrates hardware and software, allowing them to work together. The software type that refers specifically to the operating system (OS) is called

A

System software

53
Q

Bytes in order

A

-1 or 0 = 1 Bit
-1 byte = 8 bits
-1 kilobyte (KB) =1024 bytes
-1 megabyte(MB) =1000 kilobytes
-1 gigabyte(GB) = 1000 megabyte
-1 terabyte (TB) = 1000 gigabytes

54
Q

T or F: Array processors are typically used for computer processing of large data sets, such as digital image processing

A

True

55
Q

When the raw data is processed and compressed at the modality, it is now called

A

image data

56
Q

What networks are designed as client server networks

A

MIMPS/PACS

SPRING 2024: Principles II (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions