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SPRING 2024: Principles II > UNIT 1 REVIEW ASSIGNMENT AND EXAM > Flashcards

UNIT 1 REVIEW ASSIGNMENT AND EXAM Flashcards

1
Q

An image with significant penumbra can be described as having:

A. A grainy appearance
B. Good spatial resolution
C. Poor spatial resolution
D. Low contrast

A

C. Poor spatial resolution

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2
Q

Which of the following images would have the best spatial resolution?

A. 80 kVp, 25 mAs, 72” SID, 0” OID, 1.0 mm FS
B. 75 kVp, 16 mAs, 48” SID, 4” OID, 1.5 mm FS
C. 90 kvp, 32 mAs, 68” SID, 1” OID, 1.0 mm FS
D. 80 kVp, 32 mAS, 72” SID, 2” OID, 2.5 mm FS

A

A. 80 kVp, 25 mAs, 72” SID, 0” OID, 1.0 mm FS

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3
Q

Quantum mottle can be improved by repeating the image with:

Less mAs
A grid
More mAs
More SID

A

More mAs

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4
Q

Which of the following factors impact size distortion? (select all that apply)

FSS
SID
Grid use
Filtration
OID

A

OID, SID

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5
Q

Which of the following line pairs would describe an image with the worst spatial resolution?

A. 12 lp/mm
B. 10 lp/mm
C. 15 lp/mm
D. 5 lp/mm

A

D. 5 lp/mm

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6
Q

Which of the following SID’s would result in the least amount of magnification?

A. 60”
B. 56”
C. 72”
D. 40”

A

C. 72”

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7
Q

Which of the following would cause an increase in total IR exposure?

A. Increase in kVp
B. Decrease in mAs
C. Increase grid ratio without mAs compensation
D. Increase SID

A

A. Increase in kVp

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8
Q

All of the following are acceptable solutions in order to decrease motion artifact. (select all that apply)

  1. Using a grid.
  2. Proper communication with the patient.
  3. Immobilization of the part.
  4. Use the shortest possible exposure time.
  5. Use a long exposure time.
A
  1. Proper communication with the patient
  2. Immobilization of the part
  3. Use the shortest possible exposure time
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9
Q

Which of the following images would have the lowest subject contrast?

A. 100 kVp, 20 mAs, 40” SID, 0” OID, wide open collimation, no grid
B. 80 kVp, 25 mAs, 48” SID, 0” OID, 4 X 4” collimation, 16:1 Grid
C. 100 kVp, 32 mAs, 56” SID, 1” OID, 8 X 10” collimation, 5:1 Grid
D. 90 kVp, 16 mAs, 40” SID, 2” OID, wide open collimation, 8:1 Grid

A

A. 100 kVp, 20 mAs, 40” SID, 0” OID, wide open collimation, no grid

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10
Q

Which of the following factors have an impact on total IR exposure? (select all that apply)

  1. FSS
  2. Grid use
  3. mAs
  4. kVp
  5. OID
  6. SID
A
  1. Grid use
  2. mAs
  3. kVp
  4. OID
  5. SID
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11
Q

A radiograph is taken and the resulting image is extremely grainy and it is difficult to discern any detail in the anatomy. What is likely the problem and what step(s) could the technologist take to try to fix it?

A. The radiograph is underexposed. The technologist should double the mAs and reshoot the x-ray.
B. The radiograph is overexposed. The technologist should decrease the mAs and kVp and reshoot the x-ray.
C. There is excessive scatter on this image. The radiographer should reshoot the image using a high ratio grid and adjust the mAs accordingly.
D. The radiographer should adjust the window level to a more appropriate brightness and send the image to PACS

A

A. The radiograph is underexposed. The technologist should double the mAs and reshoot the x-ray

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12
Q

Quantum mottle is caused by

A. Saturation of the IR
B. The kVp is too high
C. Too much scatter reaching the IR
D. Inconsistent or uneven distribution of x-ray photons on the surface of the IR

A

D. Inconsistent or uneven distribution of x-ray photons on the surface of the IR

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13
Q

A gall stone measures 2.7 cm on a radiograph. Once it is removed, the stone actually measured 1.2 cm. What was the magnification factor of the gall stone in the image?

A. 3.0
B. 1.5
C. 2.25
D. 1.8

A

C. 2.25

*use the magnification factor formula

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14
Q

A radiograph of the knee demonstrates an avulsion fracture of the Fibular head. The fracture fragment measures 5.2 mm in size on the image. The radiograph was taken at an SID of 48” and an OID of 4”. What is the actual size of the fracture fragment?

A. 4.77 mm
B. 0.94 mm
C. 5.67 mm
D. 1.09 mm

A

A. 4.77 mm

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15
Q

Which of the following factors impact subject contrast? (select all that apply)

  1. FSS
  2. OID
  3. SID
  4. kVp
  5. Grid use
  6. mAs
A

(2) OID
(4) kVp
(5) Grid use

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16
Q

Find the Geometric unsharpness of the following image: 80kVp, 25 mAS, 42” SID, 3” OID, 2.5 mm FS

A. 0.06 mm
B. 0.83 mm
C. 0.19 mm
D. 0.12 mm

A

C. 0.19 mm

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17
Q

Which of the following images has the worst spatial resolution?

A. 80 kVp, 20 mAs, 48” SID, 1” OID, 1.5 mm FS
B. 70 kVp, 16 mAs, 40” SID, 2” OID, 1.0 mm FS
C. 90 kVp, 12 mAs, 60” SID, 4” OID, 2.0 mm FS
D. 70 kVp, 20 mAS, 52” SID, 3” OID, 1.5 mm FS

A

C. 90 kVp, 12 mAs, 60” SID, 4” OID, 2.0 mm FS

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18
Q

An image is taken at an SID of 72” and the total exposure is 126 mR. If the SID is reduced to 46”, what will the new exposure be?

A. 51.4 mR
B. 308.7 mR
C. 197.2 mR
D. 80.5 mR

A

B. 308.7 mR

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19
Q

If an image taken at 40” SID generates an exposure of 250 mR, what distance would generate an exposure of 160 mR?

A. 72”
B. 36”
C. 50”
D. 42”

A

C. 50”

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20
Q

An image is taken at 64 mAs at an SID of 40” using a 12:1 grid. If the SID was changed to 48” and the grid were changed to 5:1, what should the new mAs be in order to maintain IR exposure?

A. 130 mAs
B. 53 mAs
C. 92 mAs
D. 37 mAs

A

D. 37 mAs

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21
Q

An image is taken at 72” SID using 80 kVp, 50 mAs and a 6:1 Grid. What should the new mAs be in order to maintain IR exposure if the SID were changed to 56” and the grid changed to a 8:1?

A. 20 mAs
B. 30 mAs
C. 82 mAs
D. 40 mAs

A

D. 40 mAs

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22
Q

A _____________ increase in kVp will cause the IR exposure to _____________

A. 15%, double
B. 15%, increase by 15%
C. 15%, be cut in half
D. 15%, decrease by 15%

A

A. 15%, double

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23
Q

An exposure is taken at 76 kVp and 25 mAs. Which of the following is the correct application of the 15% rule that would maintain IR exposure and reduce patient dose?

A. 65 kVp, 25 mAs
B. 65 kVp, 12.5 mAs
C. 87 kVp 25 mAs
D. 87 kVp, 12.5 mAs

A

D. 87 kVp, 12.5 mAs

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24
Q

An exposure is taken at 80 kVp, 20 mAs, 40” SID, and a 5:1 grid. If the radiographer switched to an 8:1 grid, what should the new technical parameters be in order to maintain IR exposure?

A. 92 kVp, 20 mAs
B. 80 kVp, 40 mAs
C. 80 kVp, 10 mAs
D. 68 kVp, 20 mAs

A

B. 80 kVp, 40 mAs

*use grid conversion formula

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25
Q

An image is taken at 80 kVp, 16 mAs, and a 12:1 grid. If the radiograher decides to repeat the image without a grid, what should the new technical parameters be in order to maintain IR exposure?

A. 92 kVp, 8 mAs
B. 80 kVp, 80 mAs
C. 80 kVp, 3.2 mAs
D. 90 kVp, 1.5 mAs

A

C. 80 kVp, 3.2 mAs

*use grid conversion formula

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26
Q

An exam is performed using the following parameters: 100 mA, 300 mS, 70 kVp, 40” SID. The resulting image had motion artifact on it and needed to be repeated. Which of the following would be appropriate in order to reduce the motion artifact while maintaining IR exposure? (select all that apply)

A. Adjust the technique to 600 mA and 50 mS, 70 kVp
B. Adjust the technique to 300 mA and 100 mS, 92 kVp
C. Adjust the technique to 400 mA, 300 mS, 70kVp
D. The 15% rule can be used to reduce exposure time

A

A. Adjust the technique to 600 mA and 50 mS, 70 kVp
D. The 15% rule can be used to reduce exposure time

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27
Q

Which of the following grids would facilitate the shortest scale contrast?

A. 16:1
B. 5:1
C. 10:1
D. 12:1

A

A. 16:1

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28
Q

Which of the following would be true if a patient has a destructive pathology?

A. The technologist should consider reducing the mAs by 80%
B. The techologist could consider reducing the kVp by 8%
C. The technologist could consider increasing the mAs by 30%
D. The technologist could consider increasing the kVp by 30%

A

B. The techologist could consider reducing the kVp by 8%

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29
Q

Which of the following impact the quality of the x-ray beam? (select all that apply)

  1. OID
  2. Grid use
  3. kVp
  4. Filtration
A
  1. kVp
  2. Filtration
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30
Q

Which of the following statements is true if the SID were changed from 36” to 72” without proper mAs compensation?

A. The image would likely be underexposed
B. The exposure would generate a significant amount of scatter radiation
C. The image would be overexposed
D. The IR would be saturated

A

A. The image would likely be underexposed

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31
Q

Which of the following grid errors would result in a loss of exposure only in the periphery of the image?

A. Using a grid with a radius of 40-44” with a 42” SID
B. Canting
C. Off-focal
D. Off-centering

A

C. Off-focal

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32
Q

When imaging a body part with uneven thicknesses, the thicker part of the anatomy should be placed:

A. Beneath the anode of the x-ray tube
B. Beneath the cathode of the x-ray tube

A

B. Beneath the cathode of the x-ray tube

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33
Q

Which of the following images would most likely demonstrate shape distortion?

A. A PA hand centered on the 3rd MCP
B. An AP Axial Sacrum at a 30 degree cephalic angle
C. A Stecher view of the wrist with a 20 degree CR angle towards the elbow
D. A PA chest at a 40” SID

A

B. An AP Axial Sacrum at a 30 degree cephalic angle

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34
Q

In radiographic imaging, foreshortening of the body part may be caused by:

A. Misalignment of the CR and the IR
B. Using the wrong SID
C. Misalignment of the body part and the IR
D. Off-centering by less than 1”

A

C. Misalignment of the body part and the IR

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35
Q

Which of the following matrix sizes would display an image with the highest spatial resolution?

A. 1024 X 1024
B. 512 X 512
C. 728 X 728
D. 256 X 256

A

A. 1024 X 1024

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36
Q

A type of technique chart in which the user selects a body part and projection from a menu on the console, and the kVp and mAs are automatically preset for the exposure is called:

A. Anatomically Programmed Radiography (APR)
B. Automatic Exposure Device (AED)
C. Positive Beam Limitation (PBL)
D. Automatic Exposure Control (AEC)

A

A. Anatomically Programmed Radiography (APR)

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37
Q

Which of the following should be included in a technique chart that is posted in your department? (select all that apply)

AEC cells to activate
kVp
mAs
Grid use
Patient size
FSS

A

All of the above

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38
Q

Place the steps in creating a technique chart in the correct order:

-Perform initial set of test images
-Measure thickness of phantom using a caliper
-Radiologist(s) peform reject analysis
-Perform Clinical trials
-Clinical fine tuning
-Extrapolate technique chart
-Ongoing analysis

A
  1. Measure thickness of phantom using a caliper
  2. Perform initial set of test images
  3. Radiologists peform reject analysis
  4. Extrapolate technique chart
  5. Perform Clinical trials
  6. Clinical fine tuning
  7. Ongoing analysis
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39
Q

When using a variable kVp chart, the kVp should change by _________ for every __________ cm of body thickness.

A. 1 kVp, 2 cm
B. 5 kVp, 1 cm
C. 2 kVp, 1 cm
D. 2 kVp, 5 cm

A

C. 2 kVp, 1 cm

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40
Q

The optimum kVp is defined as:

A. The maximum kVp that is found to produce diagnostic images with appropriate subject contrast
B. The kVp that allows the technologist the most room for error
C. The kVp that generates the least amount of scatter
D. The minimum kVp required to penetrate the body part

A

A. The maximum kVp that is found to produce diagnostic images with appropriate subject contrast

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41
Q

When using a fixed kVp chart, the mAs should increase by ___________ for every _____________ of body part thickness

A. 15%, 5 cm
B. 30%, 1 cm
C. Double, 5 cm
D. Double, 1 cm

A

C. Double, 5 cm

42
Q

All of the following are considered advantages of the Fixed kVp technique chart. (select all that apply)

  1. Higher overall kVp
  2. Longer scale contrast
  3. Longer tube life
  4. Shorter scale contrast
  5. Lower patient doses
A

(1) Higher overall kVp
(2) Longer scale contrast
(3) Longer tube life
(5) Lower patient doses

43
Q

What type of technique chart utilizes the optimum kVp?

A. Pediatric technique chart
B. Variable kVp technique chart
C. High kVp technique chart
D. Fixed kVp technique chart

A

D. Fixed kVp technique chart

44
Q

What is one advantage the variable kVp technique charts have over the fixed kVp charts?

A. Higher exposure latitude
B. Reduced scatter production
C. Lower patient dose
D. Longer scale contrast

A

B. Reduced scatter production

45
Q

The device used to measure the thickness of a patient is called:

A. Ruler
B. Tape measure
C. Caliper
D. calorimeter

A

C. Caliper

46
Q

In what circumstance(s) might a technologist use a high kVp chart? (select all that apply)

A. Contrast studies using Barium
B. Chest radiography
C. Trauma procedures
D. Patients with additive pathology

A

A. Contrast studies using Barium
B. Chest radiography

47
Q

If you are working with a Fixed kVp chart, and the exposure parameters for a 25 cm thick patient are 85 kVp and 32 mAs, what should the new parameters be if the patient is 20 cm thick?

A. 95 kVp, 32 mAs
B. 85 kVp, 16 mAs
C. 85 kVp, 40 mAs
D. 85 kVp, 64 mAs

A

B. 85 kVp, 16 mAs

48
Q

If you are working with a Variable kVp chart, and the exposure parameters for a 20 cm thick patient are 75 kVp and 25 mAs, what should the new parameters be if the patient is 26 cm thick?

A. 82 kVp, 25 mAs
B. 69 kVp, 12.5 mAs
C. 87 kVp, 25 mAs
D. 75 kVp, 12.5 mAs

A

C. 87 kVp, 25 mAs

49
Q

What is/are the purpose(s) of using exposure systems? (select all that apply)

-So that technologists never have to know their techniques
-Consistent image quality
-Reduced repeat rates
-Assure correct exposure factors are being used

A

-Consistent image quality
-Reduced repeat rates
-Assure correct exposure factors are being used

50
Q

Which type of technique chart is considered more appropriate for digital imaging?

A. Variable kVp
B. Fixed kVp

A

B. Fixed kVp

51
Q

Select the image with the best spatial resolution

A. 36” SID 1.5 mm FS, 4.0” OID
B. 72” SID, 2.5 mm FS 4.0” OID
C. 72” SID, 1.5 mm FS, 0” OID
D. 36” SID, 2.5 mm FS, 3.0” OID

A

C. 72” SID, 1.5 mm FS, 0” OID

52
Q

Which of the following images is least likely to result in Quantum mottle?

A. 72” SID, 0.5 mAs, 50 kVp, 16:1 Grid
B. 72” SID, 5 mAs, 65 kVp, 10:1 Grid
C. 60” SID, 2 mAs, 60 kVp, 12:1 Grid
D. 40” SID, 50 mAs, 90 kVp, 8:1 Grid

A

D. 40” SID, 50 mAs, 90 kVp, 8:1 Grid

53
Q

Which of the following statements is true about focal spots?

A. Large focal spots produce higher amounts of scatter than small focal spots
B. Large focal spots will generate more x-rays than small focal spots
C. Large focal spots are more subject to off-focal radiation than small focal spots
D. Large focal spots can withstand larger amounts of heat when compared to small focal spots

A

D. Large focal spots can withstand larger amounts of heat when compared to small focal spots

54
Q

What is the purpose of using technique charts in imaging departments? (select all that apply)

-Easier for radiologists to compare studies and diagnose pathology
-Consistent image quality
-Lower patient doses
-Extended life of x-ray equipment

A

All the above

55
Q

An x-ray image of the chest reveals a calcification that measures 5.4mm in size. If the SID was 72” and the OID was 3”, what is the actual size of the calcification?

A. 5.2 mm
B. 1.04 mm
C. 4.4 mm
D. 0.2 mm

A

A. 5.2 mm

56
Q

The baseline technique for a fixed kVp system is 85 kVp and 20 mAs for a 24 cm thick phantom. Extrapolate the appropriate technical factors for the following patient thicknesses:

( )14cm
( )19cm
( )29cm
( )34cm

A. 85 kVp, 5 mAs
B. 85 kVp, 80 mAs
C. 85 kVp, 10 mAs
D. 85 kVp, 40 mAs

A

14cm: A. 85 kVp, 5 mAs
19cm: C. 85 kVp, 10 mAs
29cm: D. 85 kVp, 40 mAs
34cm: B. 85 kVp, 80 mAs

57
Q

All of the following might be included on a technique chart that is posted in your department. (select all that apply)

mAs
kVp
Grid use
Patient size
AEC cells
SID

A

All the above

58
Q

Under what circumstances might a technologist consider using a high kVp technique chart?

A. For pediatric patients
B. For Barium studies
C. For pregnant patients
D. For patients with additive pathology

A

B. For Barium studies

59
Q

When developing a technique chart, the first step is always to:

A. Measure the thickness of the phantom
B. Perform 5 to 7 test images
C. Perform a reject analysis
D. Measure the distance the x-ray beam will travel

A

A. Measure the thickness of the phantom

60
Q

Additive pathologic conditions ___________ subject density, and require a(n) ___________ in exposure factors

A. decrease; decrease
B. decrease; increase
C. increase; increase
D. increase; decrease

A

C. increase; increase

61
Q

Which of the following structures will most likely generate long scale subject contrast?

A. C-spine, Pelvis, Foot
B. Liver, Kidneys, Spleen
C. Thorax, Abdomen, Pelvis
D. Tib Fib, Lumbar spine, Hand

A

B. Liver, Kidneys, Spleen

62
Q

A diagnostic image is taken using 20 mAs, 85 kVp, 40” SID and a 12:1 grid. If the procedure is repeated at an SID of 72” and the grid was changed to an 8:1 grid, what should the new mAs be in order to maintain IR exposure?

A. 36
B. 52
C. 29
D. 16

A

B. 52

63
Q

Place the steps in order to produce a technique chart:

-Measure the phantom using a caliper
-Reject Analysis
-Extrapolate the technique chart
-Perform 5 to 7 test images
-Ongoing maintenance and fine tuning of the chart
-Fine Tune the Technique Chart
-Perform clinical trials

A
  1. Measure the phantom using a caliper
  2. Perform 5 to 7 test images
  3. Reject Analysis
  4. Extrapolate the technique chart
  5. Perform clinical trials
  6. Fine Tune the Technique Chart
  7. Ongoing maintenance and fine tuning of the chart
64
Q

All of the following patient factors can contribute to technique selection: (select all that apply)

-Pathology
-Patient size
-Body Composition
-Age

A

All the above

65
Q

You are creating a variable kVp chart for your department. Your phantom measures 18 cm thick. What should your baseline kVp be in order to perform the initial phantom image? (use 40 as your constant)

A. 118 kVp
B. 76 kVp
C. 36 kVp
D. 68 kVp

A

B. 76 kVp

*Formula: 2 kVp x part thickness + 40 cm

66
Q

Which of the following scenarios might result in quantum mottle on your image?

A. Increasing the FSS without mAs compensation
B. Decreasing the SID without mAs compensation
C. Increasing the kVp by 15% and reducing the mAs by half
D. Increasing the grid ratio without mAs compensation

A

D. Increasing the grid ratio without mAs compensation

67
Q

An image of a kidney stone measures 3.2 mm on the radiograph. When the kidney stone is removed, the actual size of the stone is 2.8 mm. What is the magnification factor?

A. 0.4
B. 1.14
C. 0.875
D. 6

A

B. 1.14

68
Q

Subject contrast is controlled by ______________ while image contrast is controlled by_________________

A. kVp, Computer algorithms
B. SID, kVp
C. Computer algorithms, kVp
D. kVp, mAs

A

A. kVp, Computer algorithms

69
Q

Select the factors that impact subject contrast. (select all that apply)

-Collimation
-OID
-SID
-Grid use
-FSS
-kVp

A

-Collimation
-OID
-Grid use
-kVp

70
Q

An x-ray of the pelvis is displayed with low contrast. The image is dull gray, without sharp lines or edges. What is likely the problem and what should the technologist do to fix this issue?

A. There is likely motion artifact on this image. The technologist should reduce the time, immobilize the patient and reshoot the image
B. The technologist should adjust the window level for proper brightness and send the image to PACS
C. There is a loss of contrast and this could be due to scatter. The technologist should employ a high ratio grid, adjust the mAs accordingly, and ensure the kVp is in the optimal range for the repeat
D. The image is underexposed. The technologist should double the mAs and reshoot the x-ray

A

C. There is a loss of contrast and this could be due to scatter. The technologist should employ a high ratio grid, adjust the mAs accordingly, and ensure the kVp is in the optimal range for the repeat

71
Q

An image is taken using the following parameters: 80 kVp, 40 mAs, 40” SID, 5:1 grid. In order to maintain IR exposure, what should the new mAs be if the kVp were increased to 92 and the grid were removed?

A. 20 mAs
B. 60 mAs
C. 10 mAs
D. 80 mAs

A

C. 10 mAs

72
Q

Select the factors that impact total IR exposure. (select all that apply)

-Grid use
-FSS
-mAs
-Collimation
-SID
-OID

A

-Grid use
-mAs
-Collimation
-SID
-OID

73
Q

A radiograph is taken using the following parameters: 6 mAs, 80 kVp, 72” SID, 2.0” OID, and 1.5 mm FS. Find the penumbra of this image

A. 0.042 mm
B. 0.5 mm
C. 0.050 mm
D. 0.056 mm

A

A. 0.042 mm

74
Q

What type of shape distortion occurs when the body part and the IR are misaligned?

A. Magnification
B. Minification
C. Elongation
D. Foreshortening

A

D. Foreshortening

75
Q

When the radiographer selects the large focal spot size at the console, what occurs inside the x-ray tube?

A. The large filament will heat up and boil off electrons
B. The small filament will heat up and boil off electrons
C. The negative charge around the focusing cup becomes stronger to reduce the size of the electron cloud
D. The positive charge will be applied to the larger focal spot on the anode

A

A. The large filament will heat up and boil off electrons

76
Q

Given the following SOD’s, select the one that will result in the least amount of size distortion if a 44” SID is used

A. 28”
B. 15”
C. 43”
D. 35”

A

C. 43”

77
Q

Spatial resolution can be improved by:

A. Increased SID, Decreased OID, Decreased FSS
B. Increased SID, Increased OID, Increased FSS
C. Decreased SID, Decreased OID, Increased FSS
D. Decreased SID, Increased OID, Decreased FSS

A

A. Increased SID, Decreased OID, Decreased FSS

78
Q

An exposure is taken using the following parameters: 80 kVp, 32 mAs, 40” SID, 6:1 grid. If the technologist repeats the exam with a 10:1 grid, what should the new parameters be in order to maintain IR exposure?

A. 80 kVp, 64 mAs
B. 80 kVp, 7 mAs
C. 80 kVp, 21 mAs
D. 80 kVp, 48 mAs

A

D. 80 kVp, 48 mAs

79
Q

Which of the following SID’s would produce the most distortion?

A. 50”
B. 72”
C. 60”
D. 40”

A

D. 40”

80
Q

Which of the following images has the worst spatial resolution?

A. 85 kVp, 16 mAs, 40” SID, 1” OID, 1.0 mm FS
B. 76 kVp, 32 mAs, 72” SID, 3” OID, 2.5 mm FS
C. 90 kVp, 20 mAs, 56” SID, 1” OID, 1.5 mm FS,
D. 80 kvp, 25 mAs, 60” SID, 2” OID, 2.0 mm FS

A

B. 76 kVp, 32 mAs, 72” SID, 3” OID, 2.5 mm FS

81
Q

Which of the following amounts of filtration will result in the hardest x-ray beam?

A. 1.0 mm Al eq
B. 2.0 mm Al eq
C. 1.5 mm Al eq
D. 2.5 mm Al eq

A

D. 2.5 mm Al eq

82
Q

A measuring device used to measure the thickness of body parts is called a:

A. Resolution test tool
B. Caliper
C. Phantom
D. Protractor

A

B. Caliper

83
Q

If you were to increase the kVp by 15% for a given exposure, but did not compensate with a change in mAs, what would most likely occur? (select all that apply)

-The patient dose would not be affected
-The exposure to the IR would increase
-The beam would be more penetrating
-There would be less scatter on the IR
-The subject contrast will decrease

A

-The exposure to the IR would increase
-The beam would be more penetrating
-The subject contrast will decrease

84
Q

Which of the following matrix sizes will result in an image with the lowest spatial resolution?

A. 2048 X 2048
B. 1024 X 1024
C. 256 X 256
D. 512 X 512

A

C. 256 X 256

85
Q

An exposure taken using a Grid with a radius of 40-44” is taken using the following parameters: 80 kVp, 32 mAs, 42” SID. The resulting image has grid cutoff along the entire image receptor. What could possibly be the cause?

A. Canting/angling of the IR
B. The grid is upside down
C. Off-focal grid error
D. Insufficient kVp to penetrate the grid

A

A. Canting/angling of the IR

86
Q

Which of the following is considered an advantage of Fixed kVp technique charts?

A. Wide exposure latitude
B. Reduced scatter production
C. Lower overall kVp
D. Higher contrast

A

A. Wide exposure latitude

87
Q

Which of the following will serve to decrease subject contrast? (select all that apply)

-Grid use
-Long OID
-Wide open collimation
-Tissue with low differential absorption characteristics
-High kVp

A

-Wide open collimation
-Tissue with low differential absorption characteristics
-High kVp

88
Q

Select the image with the shortest scale subject contrast

A. 70 kVp, 25 mAs, 40” SID, 3” OID, 4 X 4” Collimation, 12:1 Grid
B. 80 kVp, 40 mAs, 48” SID, 2” OID, 14 X 17” Collimation, no grid
C. 80 kVp, 16 mAs, 72” SID, 0” OID, 8 X 10” Collimation 5:1 Grid
D. 100 kVp, 32 mAs, 60” SID, 0” OID, wide open Collimation, No Grid

A

A. 70 kVp, 25 mAs, 40” SID, 3” OID, 4 X 4” Collimation, 12:1 Grid

89
Q

The gradual increase in techniques, and therefore patient dose, due to increased exposure latitude and reduced image noise at higher techniques is known as:

A. Diagnostic yield
B. Saturation current
C. Dose creep
D. Optimal kVp

A

C. Dose creep

90
Q

The baseline technique for a variable kVp system is 80 kVp and 50 mAs for a 23 cm thick phantom. Extrapolate the appropriate technical factors for the following patient thicknesses.

( )21cm
( )22cm
( )24cm
( )25cm

A. 78 kVp, 50 mAs
B. 76 kVp, 50 mAs
C. 82 kVp, 50 mAs
D. 84 kVp, 50 mAs

A

-21cm: B. 76 kVp, 50 mAs
-22cm: A. 78 kVp, 50 mAs
-24cm: C. 82 kVp, 50 mAs
-25cm: D. 84 kVp, 50 mAs

91
Q

An x-ray of the knee reveals a small avulsion fracture of the proximal tibia that measures 5.3mm across on the image. If the radiograph were taken at a 40” SID and the knee was approimately 2” away from the image receptor, what was the actual size of the fracture fragment?

A. 1.05 mm
B. 0.93 mm
C. 5.04 mm
D. 5.6 mm

A

C. 5.04 mm

92
Q

Which of the following factors impact the quality of the x-ray beam? (select all that apply)

A. mAs
B. Filtration
C. kVp
D. Grid use

A

B. Filtration
C. kVp

93
Q

Select the area of tissue that would most likely require the highest kVp.

A. An AP pelvis on a patient with a full bladder
B. Intestine filled with Barium
C. A fractured ankle with excessive swelling
D. Intestine, empty

A

B. Intestine filled with Barium

94
Q

A computerized technique chart on the operators console is referred to as:

A. Automatic Brightness Control (ABC)
B. Automatic Exposure Control (AEC)
C. Positive Beam Limitation (PBL)
D. Anatomically Programmed Radiography (APR)

A

D. Anatomically Programmed Radiography (APR)

95
Q

An exposure is made using the following parameters: 80 kVp, 16 mAs, 40” SID, 8:1 Grid. If the technologist repeats the image without the grid, what should the new parameters be in order to maintain IR exposure?

A. 80 kVp, 4 mAs
B. 80 kVp, 64 mAs
C. 92 kVp, 16 mAs
D. 68 kVp, 32 mAS

A

A. 80 kVp, 4 mAs

96
Q

A diagnostic image is produced using 200 mA, 0.10 Sec, 70 kVp. What would happen to the total IR exposure if the technique were changed to 200 mA, 0.05 Sec, 80 kVp?

A. The exposure would be doubled
B. The exposure would be cut in half
C. The exposure would increase by 15%
D. The exposure would stay the same

A

D. The exposure would stay the same

97
Q

A radiograph used the following technique: 200 mA, 0.06 Sec, 70 kVp, and 40” SID. If the study demonstrates motion artifact, which of the following techniques will reduce the motion artifiact while maintaining total IR exposure?

A. 600 mA, 0.02 Sec, 70 kVp
B. 200 mA, 0.6 Sec, 70 kVp
C. 400 mA, 0.16 Sec, 70 kVp
D. 500 mA, 0.2 Sec, 70 kVp

A

A. 600 mA, 0.02 Sec, 70 kVp

98
Q

All of the following are characteristics of the variable kVp chart. (select all that apply)

  1. Short scale contrast
  2. Use of optimum kVp
  3. Small adjustments are made for small changes in patient size
  4. Reduced tube wear
  5. Reduced scatter production
  6. Consistent image quality
A

(1) Short scale contrast
(3) Small adjustments are made for small changes in patient size
(5) Reduced scatter production
(6) Consistent image quality

99
Q

When extrapolating a fixed kVp technique chart, what factor should vary and by how much?

A. mAs should be doubled or halved for every 5 cm of part thickness
B. Distance should be doubled or halved for every 30% change in mAs
C. The grid ratio should be halved for each 10% increase in patient size
D. kVp should be increased or decreased by 15% for every 2 cm of part thickness

A

A. mAs should be doubled or halved for every 5 cm of part thickness

100
Q

Which of the following line pair tests represents an image with the highest spatial resolution?

A. 8 lp/mm
B. 5 lp/mm
C. 15 lp/mm
D. 10 lp/mm

A

C. 15 lp/mm

101
Q

JEOPARTY REVIEW LINK and ANSWER SHEET LINK

A

Jeoparty review: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1anHnlVV-ocPBmAaiq7i-iK7BT387aITB/view

Answers: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1-8-VdNJqE09OLw71nxubgHfhh1l0QVWi/view

SPRING 2024: Principles II (13 decks)

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