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RE 10 > Unit 2 - Community and Tradition > Flashcards

Unit 2 - Community and Tradition Flashcards

0
Q

Define Anglican churches

A

Churches that are in communion with the Church of England

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1
Q

Define apostolic

A

The belief that the church can only be understood in the light of the apostles

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2
Q

Define bishops

A

Priests specially chosen by the pope who are responsible for all the churches in a diocese

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3
Q

Define Catholic

A

Universal or worldwide

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4
Q

Define celibacy

A

Living without engaging in any sexual activity

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5
Q

Define holy

A

Of, or relating to, God, sacred

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6
Q

Define laity

A

All the people of the church who are not chosen to be bishops, priests or deacons

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7
Q

Define magisterium

A

The pope and the bishops interpreting the bible and tradition for Roman Catholics today

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8
Q

Define ordination

A

Making someone a priest, bishop or deacon by the sacrament of holy orders

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9
Q

Define nonconformist churches

A

Protestant Christians separated from the Church of England

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11
Q

Define orthodox churches

A

National churches which are in Union with the patriarch of Constantinople (eg The Russian orthodox churches)

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12
Q

Explain what ‘the Church as a means to faith’ means. (10.2.1)

A
  • Church has kept Christianity through Apostolic Succession; apostles taught by Jesus so we learn true faith from Jesus
  • Catholics believe Pope&Bishops can interpret Bible&Apostolic Tradition through the Magisterium, so only through Church true faith can be found
  • To prepare for Baptism, First Confession&First Communion, and Confirmation, Catholics are taught Christian beliefs&learn to have faith in God
  • In Bible readings&homily in Sunday Mass, Catholics learn more&therefore deepen their faith; Church is their means to faith
  • The Church’s sacraments proclaim Church’s faith&give spiritual strength to live faith daily
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13
Q

Explain why ‘the Church as the means to faith’ is important for Catholics. (10.2.1)

A
  • Important their faith is the true faith; Church teaches they’re the ‘one true faith’, passed down through Church from apostles
  • Brings salvation; belief in Christ leads to eternal life
  • Place where people can learn about Catholicism&the Church, through local parish churches
  • People are guided into faith through Church’s worshipping&teaching
  • People are supported&strengthened as they seek to believe; provided by Church’s sacraments&priest&ordinary members of the parish
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14
Q

Explain what ‘the Church as the means to salvation’ means. (10.2.1)

A
  • Baptism washes away original sin, welcoming them to the Church, so they can achieve salvation
  • Reconciliation; receive absolution for their sins, getting forgiveness through the Church, offering gifts of the HS
  • Penitential Rite at Mass; people can confess sins and receive absolution
  • Confirmation; affirm vows taken on their behalf at baptism, making them a full member of the Church&gives them gifts of the HS
  • Anointing of the Sick; receive God’s forgiveness&be prepared for heaven&receive absolution
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15
Q

Explain why ‘the Church as the means to salvation is important for Catholics. (10.2.1)

A
  • Without salvation, could never become close to God, so can only go to hell or purgatory after death
  • Only way to have eternal life with God
  • Gives Catholics a clear route to salvation; taking part in sacraments and following Church’s teachings will lead to salvation
  • Gives Catholics second chances; salvation is not just once at Baptism, a process; life is a journey to salvation, so Catholics can get on right path again through Mass, reconciliation and anointing
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16
Q

Explain what ‘the Church as the Body of Christ’ means. (10.2.2)

A
  • All Christians continue Christ’s work on Earth; His physical body as His is no longer present
  • Christ’s work on Earth did not end with Ascension; lives on in followers&through Church
  • Christians become part of the Church&so part of the Body of Christ through baptism; united with one another&Christ
  • All Catholics receive Body of Christ weekly through Mass; joins Catholics with Christians worldwide receiving the sacrament
17
Q

Explain why ‘the Church as the Body of Christ’ is important for Catholics. (10.2.2)

A
  • Church is described in this way in NT (St Paul’s letter to Corinthians)
  • Explains Mass’ importance; by sharing consecrated host at Communion, Catholics share Body of Christ through transubstantiation; strengthened each week by grace of Eucharist
  • Shows Christians can continue Jesus’ physical help on Earth; Christ is still active in the world today
  • Shows all Catholics can be different yet a unity; all working together in the Body of Christ
18
Q

Explain what ‘the Church as the Communion of Saints’ means. (10.2.3)

A
  • No division between Church on Earth&in heaven; all Church members are joined together, on Earth, in heaven&purgatory
  • Christians on Earth can offer prayers of intercession to saints closer to God in heaven
  • All faithful Christians are part of the Church; God sends riches through the sacraments; Communion of holy things&of holy people
  • Catholics can pray for the dead as part of the communion of saints; Christians on Earth can pray for dead friends/relatives in purgatory
  • Christians on Earth can get comfort&support from the prayers for them
19
Q

Explain why ‘the Church as the communion of saints’ is important for Catholics. (10.2.3)

A
  • Taught in the Catechism&Creeds
  • Gives Catholics direct contact with official saints for hlp, to get comfort&support from past great Christians
  • Means prayers can be offered for the dead so they ascend into heaven from purgatory
  • Shows all Christians are equally important; can be joined and pray for one another
  • Shows communion among people as all share in gifts of the HS, so can be used for all’s benefit; saints help in heaven as they did on Earth
20
Q

Explain why the Bible has authority for Catholics. (10.2.4)

A
  • Inspired by HS so comes from God; considered holy and authoritative
  • Reveals God; He speaks in OT&NT and His character and commands, so should be followed
  • Contains God’s laws on how to behave, e.g. Ten Commandments; shows how God wants us to live
  • Contains the teachings from Jesus (2nd person of the Trinity); what He taught has authority
  • Can strengthen one’s relationship with God; learn about what He wants and His care for us
21
Q

Explain why the Bible is important for Catholics. (10.2.4)

A
  • Records Jesus’ teachings during His ministry on Earth; teachings (especially SOTM) show Christians how to live/make decisions
  • Records Jesus’ life, death and resurrection; supreme importance as Jesus’ work for salvation is basis for Christianity&story of early Church
  • Contains Ten Commandments; God’s guideline on how to live
  • Reveals God’s nature; only through knowing this can we fulfil 1st commandment: love God
  • Through use in private devotion&reading God’s actions&words leads to a closer relationship with God
  • Through use in public worship, Christians learn how to live as God wants in today’s world
22
Q

Explain the meaning of Apostolic Tradition. (10.2.5)

A
  • Church believes Jesus gave apostles message of authority to begin the Church; Gospel handed on not just NT, but oral message of apostles
  • Apostles preached the Gospel&established 1st Churches; inspired by Jesus
  • Teachings used&handed down were given to apostles from Jesus; should be followed today to live as Jesus wants
  • The tradition handed down by apostles to Church come directly from Jesus
23
Q

Explain the importance of Apostolic Tradition. (10.2.5)

A
  • Gives Church authority of Jesus to teach the faith
  • Means teaching of the Church is teachings given to apostles from Jesus; gives confidence true faith is taught in the Church
  • Guarantees teachings Catholics follow are correct; not changed since Jesus gave them
  • Not all Jesus did/said is recorded; preserved unwritten message of Jesus to present day
24
Q

Explain the meaning of Apostolic Succession. (10.2.5)

A
  • Same teachings apostles gave their congregation is given to today’s congregations; it is unchanged since the apostles
  • Only Priests ordained by a bishop ordained in line of Apostolic Succession are true priest’s with Jesus’ authority to administer sacraments
25
Q

Explain the importance of Apostolic Succession. (10.2.5)

A
  • Authority of St. Peter has been passed down through Apostolic Succession to current Pope; Pope has same authority Jesus gave to St. Peter
  • When Pope&College of Cardinals proclaim Magisterium of the Church, speaking as successors of apostles&proclaiming Jesus’ message
  • Apostolic Succession preserves apostles’ faith; faith of Church today is same as that of the apostles
  • Power to confer sacraments is passed down through Apostolic Succession; power came from Jesus, an authentic way to pass on God’s grace to Catholics today
  • How Jesus fulfils His promise to stay with His Church
26
Q

Explain the role of the Magisterium. (10.2.6)

A
  • Interpret the Bible&Apostolic Tradition for 21st century Christians
  • Shows Catholics how to treat medical advancements (e.g. genetic engineering)
  • Define beliefs (dogmas) of Catholic Church; done through writing, authorising&publishing CCC
  • Ensure teachings are communicated to all bishops to pass on to their diocese’s priests so laity are fully informed on Church’s beliefs/teachings
27
Q

Explain the importance of the Magisterium. (10.2.6)

A
  • Supreme authority to Catholics; tells them what to believe, as what they so to believe is what should be believed; no higher earthly authority than them (unless Pope makes an ex cathedra definitive statement on doctrine)
  • Address issues that did not exist in apostles’ time, e.g. same sex partnerships; Catholics cannot look in Bible for answers
  • Their teachings point the way to salvation; its teachings must be correct and holy as guided by HS
  • Provides clear guidelines for Catholics on what to believe/how to behave in today’s world
  • Ensures teaching of the Church is updated but doesn’t change Apostolic Tradition; always correct to follow Magisterium’s teachings, leading Catholics to not sin against God
28
Q

Explain the meaning of Protestant beliefs about authority of the Church. (10.2.7)

A
  • Bible is only authority for Catholics; can be understood by anyone with faith; Church doesn’t have authority to interpret the Bible for Christians
  • Church is community of believers all of equal value; only decisions agreed by all the Church can have authority; ruled democratically
  • Each has an agreed statement of beliefs members are expected to accept (e.g. Apostles’&Nicene Creeds&the Chalcedonian Definition of nature of Jesus)
  • Any guidance Church offers in not a command; can be interpreted by members in the light of their own interpretation of Bible teachings
  • Church has authority to decide on how the Church shall be organised (e.g. ministers) but does not bring salvation; salvation only comes from the Bible
29
Q

Explain why the Protestant beliefs about authority of the Church are important. (10.2.7)

A
  • Allow them to have input on decisions/beliefs of the Church
  • Explain why so many different Protestant Churches; if Church doesn’t have complete authority and salvation is based on individual Bible interpretations, there will be different interpretations&new Churches will be set up
  • Show why the Protestant Churches broke away from Rome; why they cannot accept authority of Pope/Magisterium
  • Explains why different attitudes to sacraments amongst Protestant Churches
  • Explains why there are so many different Protestant Churches; no agreed Church authority
  • In England, beliefs about authority of the Church help explain differences within the Church of England
30
Q

Explain the role of the Pope in the Catholic Church. (10.2.8)

A
  • Carries out duties as Bishop of Rome, caring for diocese etc.
  • Organises Magisterium, ensuring all issues considered to guide today’s Catholics
  • Acts as Catholic’s ultimate authority; can speak ex cathedra - infallible (cannot be wrong)
  • Appoints&ordains new cardinals&bishops, ensuring enough care for the laity&their teaching is correct
  • Ensures Catholics are kept updated with issued that arise for both the laity&the priesthood
  • Leads to the worldwide Church, ensuring unity is maintained&Church community is cared for; helped in this by the Curia
  • Responsible for the Vatican City - an independent state
31
Q

Explain the importance of the Pope in the Catholic Church. (10.2.8)

A
  • Responsible for the Magisterium, therefore all teachings&beliefs of the Church that affects all Catholics
  • Successor of St. Peter; passes on teachings of Christto Catholics like St. Peter did
  • Head of the Church who appoints&ordains cardinals&bishops as leaders; important to priests&the lay people
  • Gives guidance&inspiration to Catholics through encyclicals, letters, addresses&worldwide pastoral visits
  • Chosen by cardinals guided by HS; chosen by God; Catholics know they are being led correctly
  • is infallible under some cicumstances (e.g. speaking ex cathedra); can make statements Catholics must believe
32
Q

Explain the role of bishops in the Catholics Church. (10.2.8)

A
  • Responsible for ensuring all priets&laity in diocese are attended to
  • In charge of all priests in their diocese; ensure there are sufficient priests in all areas of diocese&they’re correctly carrying out their role
  • Responsible for appointing, ordaining&disciplining priests&deacons in their diocese
  • Responsible for passing information from national Bishops’ Conference to his diocese; ensure everyone is aware of Church’s teachings&issues of faith are explained correctly
  • Acts as a link between parishes&the Vatican, allowing whole Church to contact Pope
33
Q

Explain the importance of bishops in the Catholic Church. (10.2.8)

A
  • Responsible for (with Pope) for establishing Magisterium; participate deciding of Church’s beliefs/teachings
  • Cardinals are chosen from bishops; bishops are important in hierarchy of the Church
  • Only bishops can administer holy orders (ordination); usually ordain priests in their diocese
  • Ensure their diocese is following the faith of the Church; ensure teachings are given to the laity correctly; correct/discipline any priests who teach/act incorrectly
34
Q

Explain the role of the priest in the local parish. (10.2.9)

A
  • Lead daily Mass&special occasion liturgies; celebrate/consecrate bread&wine (laity can’t do this)
  • Teach people of the parish about faith, through sermons&other education groups
  • Administer sacraments of baptism, marriage, reconciliation&healing; ensure people understand them
  • Conduct funerals&care for the bereaved; visit them for spiritual counselling
  • Ensure people are fully prepared for sacraments; may run special classes
  • Pray for congregation&whole congregation through daily office
  • Pray with congregation members privately&publicly; regular worship&one-off events
  • Ensure church building is looked after&maintained
  • Look after people in the parish, providing advice/counselling
  • Build links with other local faiths/churches
35
Q

Explain the importance of priests in the local parish. (10.2.9)

A
  • Fulfils role of Jesus in Mass; transubstantiates bread&wine - feed people body&blood of Christ
  • Brings people together through rite of communion
  • Is the ‘shepherd of his flock’; ensures they’re cared for&church runs smoothly; without priest church may not be run for benefit of congregation equally
  • Gives grace to his parishioners through sacraments&Mass; need grace for salvation
  • Give advice on matters of faith&personal problems; helps people face challenges
  • Help organise material care for people through money&charity; essential to needy as would suffer greatly
  • Is a link between bishop&parish; ensures new teachings&messages are given to people
  • Helps with important stages of ones life: baptism, confirmation, marriage, funerals; person’s understanding of faith is constantly changing, need priest to guide them on the correct path
36
Q

Explain why Catholics teach that the clergy must be celibate. (10.2.10)

A
  • Tradition handed down from St. Paul; taught ‘an unmarried man is concerned about the Lord’s affairs’
  • Jesus remained single; priests should follow his example
  • Allows priests to be completely devoted to God&their vocation; not distracted by worldly problems&have more time for their parishioners
  • Unmarried priests can deal with needs of parish rather than being tied to family matters
  • Means sacrifice their lives to God as Jesus did; gave up home, stability, married life opportunity&having children; priests should do the same
37
Q

Explain why other Christians allow priests marry. (10.2.10)

A
  • St. Peter was married (Jesus healed his mother-in-law)
  • Priests can be devoted to God&their families; can fulfil more than one role like other people can
  • First hand experience to recognise&deal with marriage problems; person with marriage problems may feel more comfortable talking to him
  • Early Christian priests were married; seems married priests were allowed in early Church until celibacy became the norm
  • There would be a shortage of priests if they had to be celibate; Catholics Churches have a shortage of priests, perhaps put off by celibacy
38
Q

Explain the role of the Virgin Mary for Catholics. (10.2.11)

A
  • Mary is an intercessor, e.g. Hail Mary&Angelus; not worshipping but prayers of intercession due to her special relationship with God; she is in the Magnificant ‘All generation will call me blesses’
  • She is a role model for Christians on how to live a pure life; conceived without sin (immaculate conception); remained a virgin throughout her whole life; by following her example, Catholics try to live a pure life
  • A role model for her love to Jesus; loved her son right to the end&shared in his suffering on the cross; how Christians should love Christ
  • She was present at Pentecost&helped apostles start early Church
39
Q

Explain why the Virgin Mary is important for Catholics. (10.2.11)

A
  • Special due to immaculate conception; sinless&predestined to be mother of God; means Jesus was sinless as mother had no original sin&father was God
  • She was chosen by God to be the mother of his Son; without her acceptance Jesus wouldn’t have been incarnated; would be no Christianity/salvation
  • Due to virgin birth, she is the mother of God; though conceived by HS, Mary gave birth naturally so is his mother; she must have been the most important human that ever lived
  • At the end of her life, she was taken up to heaven instead of dying (Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary); means didn’t suffer death like everyone else; important to God as first person assumed into heaven
  • In heaven, she can pray for the souls of Christians on Earth; intercede on God’s behalf of Christians on Earth; makes her very important as she can make prayers more effective, giving them more chance of God’s help

RE 10 (4 decks)

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