Unit 2 Communicable Diseases Flashcards
An acute, febrile respiratory infection that may exhibit systemic manifestations
Influenza
A major change in the antigens of Influenza is referred to as a/an
Antigenic shift
A minor change in the antigens of Influenza is referred to as a/an
Antigenic drift
The average influenza incubation period is
1-3 days
Symptoms of Influenza include
Chills
Fever
Headache
Aching
Malaise
Why is the Air Force so concerned about influenza if most people fully recover?
large outbreaks threaten operational readiness and severely compromise the Air Force’s ability to accomplish the mission
What is the purpose of the Influenza Surveillance Program?
identify new strains
A communicable disease affecting the lungs and in some cases, other parts of the body
Tuberculosis
How is tuberculosis transmitted from one individual to another?
Through droplet nuclei suspended in air for prolonged periods
Incubation period for Tuberculosis
4-12 weeks
During which stage of tuberculosis do bacilli multiply slowly, with some remaining in the lungs, while others travel to the lymph nodes and the blood stream?
Infection stage
During which stage of tuberculosis do bacilli encapsulate and remain in the alveoli of the lung until conditions favor growth?
Dormant stage
Which stage follows either the infection or the dormant stage?
Active stage
Which tuberculin skin test is used by the Air Force to screen members for tuberculosis?
Mantoux test
For a provider to confirm an active tuberculosis diagnosis, it is essential to perform this test.
Sputum culture
The spirochete, Treponema pallidum causes
Syphilis
How is syphilis transmitted?
close sexual contact with a person who has an infectious lesion or chancre
What is the incubation period for syphilis?
10-90 days, average 21 days
During which stage of development is syphilis first detectable through laboratory testing?
Primary stage
The most specific, effective means of identifying syphilis in the primary stage is through
Dark field microscopy
This type of test is more popular for use in confirming a syphilis infection and results in reports that are reactive, nonreactive, and borderline.
Fluorescent Treponemal Antibody-Absorption (FTA-ABS)
Which type of syphilis manifestation are you seeing if there is a raised, tabletop or mushroom-like papule with a pale, white soggy appearance on the genitals or rectum?
Condylomata lata.
In which stage of syphilis do the secondary lesions disappear?
Early latent
The treatment of choice for syphilis is
penicillin
What are the modes of gonorrhea transmission
oral
penile
vaginal
rectal
Common terms often used to describe urethral gonorrhea are
drip, burn, & clap
What is the most common, and most serious, complication of female gonorrhea infections?
Pelvic inflammatory disease
The most reliable method of gonorrhea diagnosis is to find the
organisms by
smear or culture
Which disease has an incubation period of one to three weeks, with an average of seven to 14 days
Chlamydia
Which diagnostic method is the quickest for identifying chlamydia infections?
Skin scraping
For chlamydial infections, using a topical spermicidal or bactericidal agent during intercourse is an example of
Prevention and controls
The herpes simplex virus (HSV) 1 mainly causes this in an infected person
cold sores or fever blisters on the mouth
The herpes simplex virus (HSV) 2 mainly causes this in an infected person
Nerve cells invasion in genital area
After the initial infection, the virus incubates for about two to 12 days, with six to seven days being
the average incubation time
Herpes
Which diagnostic method is the most specific and sensitive to confirming herpes?
Tissue culture
This disease is similar to gonorrhea in almost every respect except that the causes are different. This disease
primarily affects men
Nongonococcal urethritis (NGU)
Which sexually transmitted disease (STD) starts with a pimple-like sore and, if left untreated, forms a bubo in most patients?
Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV)
Which diagnostic method is more specific for detecting human immunodeficiency virus
(HIV) antibodies?
Western blot
This method is a key factor in preventing the spread of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
Education
There are two keys to conducting a successful interview concerning sexually transmitted infections (STI). The first key is the interviewer must be knowledgeable, and second, the
Interviewer must control the conversation
Which disease is an inflammation of the liver that may be caused by bacteria, viruses, protozoa, helminths, chemicals, or drugs
Hepatitis
Which form of hepatitis has an average incubation period of 28 to 30 days?
A
Which form of hepatitis has an average incubation period of 60 to 90 days?
B
Which form of hepatitis is the primary cause of hepatocellular carcinoma, a form of liver cancer?
B
What must be present for the Delta virus to infect an individual and cause illness?
Hepatitis B
In order for the hepatitis A vaccine (immune globulin) to be effective, how soon must it be given after exposure to hepatitis?
Within 2 weeks
Which group of workers is at risk for occupational exposure to hepatitis B?
Dental
Individuals exposed to HBV should be
given hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) within
one week of exposure
What are keys to effectively controlling and preventing the spread of viral hepatitis?
Provide education and sanitary controls
A virus that affects the central nervous system, and results in fatal encephalitis
Rabies
This stage of rabies is usually between 14 and 90 days after exposure
Stage 1, Incubation period
This stage of rabies is also known as the Prodrome phase and is
when individuals show the first clinical symptoms
Stage 2
Immunizations for rabies after exposure to the disease must be given prior to the onset of
encephalitis. The onset of encephalitis occurs in this stage of rabies
Stage 3, Acute neurological phase
This stage of rabies occurs after the neurological phase
Stage 4, Coma leading to death or recovery
Which type of animals are the primary reservoirs of rabies in most foreign countries?
Dogs
When an animal is suspected of having rabies in a bite case on base, which individual or agency is responsible for determining if the animal is rabid?
Army veterinarian
Which individual or agency is responsible for the treatment of the patient suspected of having rabies?
Healthcare provider (HCP)
Which individual or agency is responsible for monitoring the
overall program, ensuring that the patients receive treatment, determining if the animals have been
found and placed in quarantine by qualified individuals, and determining the risk of active rabies in
the biting animals?
Public Health
Which immunization is given to treat personnel exposed to rabies?
Human diploid cell vaccine
Prevention of human rabies is provided by administering _____
as soon as possible after exposure to neutralize the virus in the bite wound, and then by giving
vaccine to elicit active immunity.
human rabies immune globulin (HRIG)
