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V.2 > Unit 2 Communicable Diseases > Flashcards

Unit 2 Communicable Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

An acute, febrile respiratory infection that may exhibit systemic manifestations

A

Influenza

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2
Q

A major change in the antigens of Influenza is referred to as a/an

A

Antigenic shift

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3
Q

A minor change in the antigens of Influenza is referred to as a/an

A

Antigenic drift

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4
Q

The average influenza incubation period is

A

1-3 days

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5
Q

Symptoms of Influenza include

A

Chills
Fever
Headache
Aching
Malaise

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6
Q

Why is the Air Force so concerned about influenza if most people fully recover?

A

large outbreaks threaten operational readiness and severely compromise the Air Force’s ability to accomplish the mission

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7
Q

What is the purpose of the Influenza Surveillance Program?

A

identify new strains

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8
Q

A communicable disease affecting the lungs and in some cases, other parts of the body

A

Tuberculosis

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9
Q

How is tuberculosis transmitted from one individual to another?

A

Through droplet nuclei suspended in air for prolonged periods

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10
Q

Incubation period for Tuberculosis

A

4-12 weeks

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11
Q

During which stage of tuberculosis do bacilli multiply slowly, with some remaining in the lungs, while others travel to the lymph nodes and the blood stream?

A

Infection stage

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12
Q

During which stage of tuberculosis do bacilli encapsulate and remain in the alveoli of the lung until conditions favor growth?

A

Dormant stage

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13
Q

Which stage follows either the infection or the dormant stage?

A

Active stage

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14
Q

Which tuberculin skin test is used by the Air Force to screen members for tuberculosis?

A

Mantoux test

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15
Q

For a provider to confirm an active tuberculosis diagnosis, it is essential to perform this test.

A

Sputum culture

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16
Q

The spirochete, Treponema pallidum causes

A

Syphilis

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17
Q

How is syphilis transmitted?

A

close sexual contact with a person who has an infectious lesion or chancre

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18
Q

What is the incubation period for syphilis?

A

10-90 days, average 21 days

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19
Q

During which stage of development is syphilis first detectable through laboratory testing?

A

Primary stage

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20
Q

The most specific, effective means of identifying syphilis in the primary stage is through

A

Dark field microscopy

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21
Q

This type of test is more popular for use in confirming a syphilis infection and results in reports that are reactive, nonreactive, and borderline.

A

Fluorescent Treponemal Antibody-Absorption (FTA-ABS)

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22
Q

Which type of syphilis manifestation are you seeing if there is a raised, tabletop or mushroom-like papule with a pale, white soggy appearance on the genitals or rectum?

A

Condylomata lata.

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23
Q

In which stage of syphilis do the secondary lesions disappear?

A

Early latent

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24
Q

The treatment of choice for syphilis is

A

penicillin

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25
Q

What are the modes of gonorrhea transmission

A

oral
penile
vaginal
rectal

26
Q

Common terms often used to describe urethral gonorrhea are

A

drip, burn, & clap

27
Q

What is the most common, and most serious, complication of female gonorrhea infections?

A

Pelvic inflammatory disease

28
Q

The most reliable method of gonorrhea diagnosis is to find the
organisms by

A

smear or culture

29
Q

Which disease has an incubation period of one to three weeks, with an average of seven to 14 days

A

Chlamydia

30
Q

Which diagnostic method is the quickest for identifying chlamydia infections?

A

Skin scraping

31
Q

For chlamydial infections, using a topical spermicidal or bactericidal agent during intercourse is an example of

A

Prevention and controls

32
Q

The herpes simplex virus (HSV) 1 mainly causes this in an infected person

A

cold sores or fever blisters on the mouth

33
Q

The herpes simplex virus (HSV) 2 mainly causes this in an infected person

A

Nerve cells invasion in genital area

34
Q

After the initial infection, the virus incubates for about two to 12 days, with six to seven days being
the average incubation time

A

Herpes

35
Q

Which diagnostic method is the most specific and sensitive to confirming herpes?

A

Tissue culture

36
Q

This disease is similar to gonorrhea in almost every respect except that the causes are different. This disease
primarily affects men

A

Nongonococcal urethritis (NGU)

37
Q

Which sexually transmitted disease (STD) starts with a pimple-like sore and, if left untreated, forms a bubo in most patients?

A

Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV)

38
Q

Which diagnostic method is more specific for detecting human immunodeficiency virus
(HIV) antibodies?

A

Western blot

39
Q

This method is a key factor in preventing the spread of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).

A

Education

40
Q

There are two keys to conducting a successful interview concerning sexually transmitted infections (STI). The first key is the interviewer must be knowledgeable, and second, the

A

Interviewer must control the conversation

41
Q

Which disease is an inflammation of the liver that may be caused by bacteria, viruses, protozoa, helminths, chemicals, or drugs

A

Hepatitis

42
Q

Which form of hepatitis has an average incubation period of 28 to 30 days?

A

A

43
Q

Which form of hepatitis has an average incubation period of 60 to 90 days?

A

B

44
Q

Which form of hepatitis is the primary cause of hepatocellular carcinoma, a form of liver cancer?

A

B

45
Q

What must be present for the Delta virus to infect an individual and cause illness?

A

Hepatitis B

46
Q

In order for the hepatitis A vaccine (immune globulin) to be effective, how soon must it be given after exposure to hepatitis?

A

Within 2 weeks

47
Q

Which group of workers is at risk for occupational exposure to hepatitis B?

A

Dental

48
Q

Individuals exposed to HBV should be
given hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) within

A

one week of exposure

49
Q

What are keys to effectively controlling and preventing the spread of viral hepatitis?

A

Provide education and sanitary controls

50
Q

A virus that affects the central nervous system, and results in fatal encephalitis

A

Rabies

51
Q

This stage of rabies is usually between 14 and 90 days after exposure

A

Stage 1, Incubation period

52
Q

This stage of rabies is also known as the Prodrome phase and is
when individuals show the first clinical symptoms

A

Stage 2

53
Q

Immunizations for rabies after exposure to the disease must be given prior to the onset of
encephalitis. The onset of encephalitis occurs in this stage of rabies

A

Stage 3, Acute neurological phase

54
Q

This stage of rabies occurs after the neurological phase

A

Stage 4, Coma leading to death or recovery

55
Q

Which type of animals are the primary reservoirs of rabies in most foreign countries?

A

Dogs

56
Q

When an animal is suspected of having rabies in a bite case on base, which individual or agency is responsible for determining if the animal is rabid?

A

Army veterinarian

57
Q

Which individual or agency is responsible for the treatment of the patient suspected of having rabies?

A

Healthcare provider (HCP)

58
Q

Which individual or agency is responsible for monitoring the
overall program, ensuring that the patients receive treatment, determining if the animals have been
found and placed in quarantine by qualified individuals, and determining the risk of active rabies in
the biting animals?

A

Public Health

59
Q

Which immunization is given to treat personnel exposed to rabies?

A

Human diploid cell vaccine

60
Q

Prevention of human rabies is provided by administering _____
as soon as possible after exposure to neutralize the virus in the bite wound, and then by giving
vaccine to elicit active immunity.

A

human rabies immune globulin (HRIG)

V.2 (4 decks)

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