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PNS exam 1 > Unit 2: CN for smell, vision, ocular movement > Flashcards

Unit 2: CN for smell, vision, ocular movement Flashcards

1
Q

location of the olfactory nerve’s primary sensory neurons (olfactory neurons/bipolar)

A

olfactory epithelium, outside skull

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2
Q

collection of central processes (axons) into 10-20 olfactory nerves that convey info to olfactory bulbs

A

fila olfactoria

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3
Q

although olfactory neuron axons are covered by Schwann cells, they are __

A

unmyelinated

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4
Q

where olfactory nerves synapse once they enter the olfactory bulb

A

dendrites of mitral cells

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5
Q

at the synapses of olfactory nerves onto the dendrites of mitral cells, ___ ___ are formed

A

synaptic glomeruli

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6
Q

the TWO neurons of the olfactory nerve

A

olfactory

mitral

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7
Q

secondary sensory neurons of the olfactory nerve, which relay info posterior via the olfactory tract

A

mitral cells

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8
Q

location of the CB of mitral cells

A

olfactory bulb

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9
Q

location where the olfactory tract fibers split into medial & lateral olfactory striae

A

anterior perforated substance

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10
Q

this type of stria fibers cross the midline via the anterior commissure & travel to the OPPOSITE olfactory bulb

A

medial stria

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11
Q

this type of stria fibers carry information to the primary olfactory cortex, periamygdaloid, & prepiriform area

A

lateral stria

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12
Q

broadmann area in the uncus, on medial aspect of temporal lobe, associated with the lateral stria fibers of the olfactory tract

A

34

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13
Q

rare condition due to lack of olfactory nerves or trauma, that results in the loss of smell

A

anosmia

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14
Q

skull fractures which damage the ethmoid (therefore CN I), and damage to the dura, can cause this

A

CSF leakage

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15
Q

three layers of the eyeball in order from

outermost to innermost

A

fibrous tunic
vascular tunic
retina

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16
Q

two layers of the fibrous tunic of the eyeball

A

sclera - white part

cornea - primary refractory structure, clear

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17
Q

three parts of the vascular tunic of the eyeball

A

ciliary body
iris - colored
choroid - vascular

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18
Q

part of the eye that is made up of:

  1. pigmented layer
  2. photosensitive outer segment
  3. external limiting membrane
  4. outer nuclear layer
  5. outer plexiform layer
  6. inner nuclear layer
  7. inner plexiform layer
  8. ganglion cell layer
  9. nerve fiber layer
  10. internal limiting membrane
A

retina

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19
Q

layer of the retina that can result in a “detached retina” from the cornea

A

pigmented layer

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20
Q

layer of retina that contains rod & cone cell bodies

A

outer nuclear layer

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21
Q

layer of the retina in which rods & cones SYNPSE with bipolar cells

A

outer plexiform layer

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22
Q

layer of retina that contains cell bodies of bipolar cells

A

inner nuclear layer

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23
Q

layer of retina in which bipolar cells synapse with ganglion cells

A

inner plexiform layer

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24
Q

layer of retina that contains ganglion cell bodies

A

ganglion cell layer

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25
Q
  • layer of retina that contain retinal ganglion cell AXONS, which are unmyelinated
  • the ganglion cell layer converges with this layer
A

nerve fiber layer

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26
Q

glial boundary separating the retina from the vitreous body

A

internal limiting membrane

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27
Q
  • recessive sex-linked disorder that results from missing/lower concentration of one type of cone
  • M > F
A

color blindness

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28
Q

the distal end (outer segment) of this is either cylindrical (rod) or tapered (cone)

A

photoreceptor

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29
Q

three types of cone, which require adequate light to function best

A

red
green
blue

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30
Q
  • in the eye is there a higher concentration of cones here, and the better the light is focused, the better vision will be
  • there are no rods
A

fovea centralis (center of retina - fovea)

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31
Q

type of vision that rods deal with

A

light vs dark

32
Q

location of eye that is almost completely composed of rods, and there are less cones

A

periphery of retina

33
Q

how many cells to get out of the eye

A

3

34
Q

ganglion cell axons are conveyed in nerve fiber layer toward optic disc, and are ___, bc they are still in the eye

A

unmyelinated

35
Q

the optic nerves (from ganglion axons) outside of the eyeball enter the skull through the optic canal and unite to form this

A

optic chiasma

36
Q

optic nerve axons are ____ by ____ as they have left the eyeball, and are CNS structures

A

myelinated

oligodendrocytes

37
Q

in the optic chiasma, fibers from the ___ side of each retina will cross, but those from the ___ side will not

A

medial

lateral

38
Q

optic tract fibers synapse on one of these three nuclei of termination

A

lateral geniculate body
superior colliculus
pretectal nucleus

39
Q

majority of optic tract fibers synapse here, where are they are relayed to the cerebral cortex of occipital lobe

A

lateral geniculate body

40
Q

brodmann area associated with the ability to see

A

17

41
Q

location that optic tract fibers synapse to be relayed to tectospinal tract (SCM, traps)

A

superior colliculus

42
Q

location for optic tract fibers to synapse when dealing with light reflexes

A

pretectal nucleus

43
Q

a lesion here will interrupt vision in one eye completely

A

optic nerve

44
Q

a lesion, pituitary tumor, or hormonal disruption here will affect light info from periph and cause tunnel vision

A

decussating fibers of optic chiasma

45
Q

a lesion here will cause loss off vision in the visual field opposite to the lesion

A

optic tract

46
Q

visual reflex in which constriction/dilation occurs w/ dif light stim

A

accommodation

47
Q

visual reflex when eyes move opposite (cross eyes)

A

convergence

48
Q
  • cranial motor nerve supplying all extraocular muscles except superior oblique (troch) & lateral rectus (abduc)
  • somatic (5 musc) & parasymp fibers (2 musc)
A

oculomotor nerve

49
Q

oculomotor nuclei are somatic nuclei of origin and are located here…anterior to cerebral aqueduct at level of superior colliculi

A

periaqueductal gray matter (midbrain)

50
Q

area of cerebral cortex that sends axons TO oculomotor nuclei

A

brodmann area 8 (premotor)

51
Q

oculomotor nuclei reveives fibers from these two locations in addition to bdmn 8

A

superior colliculus

medial longitudinal fasiculus

52
Q

oculomotor axons travel anteriorly thru the red nucleus and exit the CNS into the ___ __, where it becomes covered by schwann cells (myelin)

A

interpeduncular fossa

53
Q

once in the eye socket, what do the oculomotor nerves split into?

A

superior rami

inferior rami

54
Q

superior ramus (division of oculomotor nerve) supply what two muscles

A

levator palpebrae superioris - eyelid only

superior rectus - eye movement

55
Q

inferior ramus (division of oculomotor nerve_ supply what 3 muscles

A

medial: medial rectus
central: inferior rectus
lateral: inferior oblique

56
Q

neurons that are contained in the accessory oculomotor nucleus

A

PREganglionic parasympathetic (edinger-westphal)

57
Q

axons from the accessory oculomotor nucleus follow oculomotor nerve and synapse where

A

ciliary ganglion

-posterior to eyeball, 1cm ant to SOF

58
Q

axon types that follow the course of the ciliary arteries, pierce the sclera and travel along internal sclera surface

A

POSTganglionic parasympathetic axons (oculomotor)

59
Q

two muscles supplied by the postganglionic parasympathetic oculomotor axons

A

ciliaris - change lens shape to switch focus

pupillary constrictor

60
Q
  • somatic motor nerve supplying the superior oblique muscle, smallest CN
  • moves eye down & out
A

trochlear

61
Q

location of trochlear nucleus

A

periaqueductal gray (caudal to oculomotor nuclei)

62
Q

trochlear nucleus gives rise to ___ that cross/exit midbrain inferior & posterior to inferior colliculi

A

LMN

63
Q

like the oculomotor nuclei, what area of cortex that sends axons TO trochlear nucleus, + 2 areas that send fibers to it

A

brodmann area 8 (premotor)
superior colliculus
medial longitudinal fasiculus

64
Q

the trochlear nerve enters the orbit through the ______ to supply the superior oblique

A

superior orbital fissure

65
Q

cranial somatic motor nerve that supplies the lateral rectus muscle

A

abducens

66
Q

location of abducens nucleus

A

caudal part of pons

floor of rhomboid fossa

67
Q

where the abducens nerve receives info from in the CNS

A

brodmann area 8 (premotor)
superior colliculus
medial longitudinal fasiculus
(all same as trochlear nerve)

68
Q

where the abducens nerve exits the skull after penetrating the dura and traveling along the cavernous sinus

A

superior orbital fissure

69
Q

clinical condition in which the eyes don’t “line up”, can be internal (eyes converge, deviate med) and external (eyes diverge, deviate lat)

A

strabismus

70
Q

clinical condition in which pt reports (subjectively) double fission

A

diplopia

71
Q
  • clinical condition in which eyelid droops due to weakness of levator papebrae superioris
  • may be caused by nerve lesions on oculomotor nerve
A

ptosis

72
Q
  • clinical condition in which external strabismus is seen in the affected eye deviating down and out, diplopia, and/or ptosis
  • etiologies include uncal herniation, pca andeurysm, diabetes
A

oculomotor paralysis

73
Q
  • rare clinical condition with a slight convergence, internal strabismus; inability to look down and in
  • pt will have difficulty descending stairs
A

trochlear paralysis

74
Q

most common clinical condition with weak abduction: turning eye laterally toward affected side, internal strabismus

A

abducens paralysis

75
Q

clinical condition involving damage to the MLF that shows nystagmus with lateral gaze

A

internuclear ophthalmoplegia

PNS exam 1 (7 decks)

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