Unit 2 Chemistry: Atomic Structure

Question 1

What are the three subatomic particles that an atom is made up of?

Answer 1

Protons, neutrons, and electrons

Question 2

What is the charge of a proton?

Answer 2

Positive

Question 3

What is the charge of a neutron?

Answer 3

Neutral

Question 4

What is the charge of an electron?

Answer 4

Negative

Question 5

What is the nucleus?

Answer 5

The center of an atom

Question 6

What is held in the nucleus of an atom?

Answer 6

Protons and neutrons

Question 7

What is outside the nucleus, in the energy levels?

Answer 7

Electrons

Question 8

Who was the first person to think about an atom’s existence?

Answer 8

Democritus

Question 9

What did Democritus believe atoms were composed of?

Answer 9

Tiny indivisible particles

Question 10

What did Dalton come up with?

Answer 10

He came up with 4 major points (postulates) to his theory about the atom.

Question 11

Point 1 of Dalton’s theory:

Answer 11

All elements are composed of indivisible particles called atoms.

Question 12

Point 2 of Dalton’s theory:

Answer 12

Atoms of the same element are identical. The atoms of any one element are different from those of another.

Question 13

Point 3 of Dalton’s theory:

Answer 13

Atoms of different elements mix or combine in whole-number ratios.

Question 14

Point 4 of Dalton’s theory:

Answer 14

Chemical reactions occur when atoms separate, join, or rearrange. In a chemical reaction, atoms of one element never change into another.

Question 15

Who discovered the electron?

Answer 15

J.J. Thomson

Question 16

What experiment did Thomson use to figure out that opposites attract?

Answer 16

Cathode Ray Tube Experiment

Question 17

What experiment did Thomson use to discover the electron?

Answer 17

Plum Pudding model

Question 18

Who discovered the Nucleus?

Answer 18

Ernest Rutherford

Question 19

What experiment did Rutherford use to discover the nucleus?

Answer 19

Gold Foil experiment

Question 20

What did most of the alpha particles conclude?

Answer 20

The atom is mostly empty space.

Question 21

Who discovered the proton?

Answer 21

Eugene Goldstein

Question 22

Who discovered the neutron?

Answer 22

James Chadwick

Question 23

What is the charge of a proton?

Answer 23

1

Question 24

What is the charge of a neutron?

Answer 24

0

Question 25

What is the charge of an electron?

Answer 25

1

Question 26

What is the mass of a proton

Answer 26

1

Question 27

What is the mass of a neutron?

Answer 27

1

Question 28

What is the mass of an electron?

Answer 28

1/1840

Question 29

When is an atom considered neutral?

Answer 29

When it has the same number of protons and electrons.

Question 30

What is the atomic number?

Answer 30

It is the number of protons in an element.

Question 31

What is the atomic mass?

Answer 31

It is the weighted average of all the element’s isotopes.

Question 32

What is the mass number?

Answer 32

It is the number of protons and neutrons combined.

Question 33

What are isotopes?

Answer 33

They are atoms with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons.

Question 34

What is an ion?

Answer 34

They are an atom or groups of atoms that has a positive/negative charge.

Question 35

What is a cation?

Answer 35

It is an atom of groups of atoms with a positive charge.

Question 36

What is an anion?

Answer 36

It is an atom or groups of atoms with a negative charge.

Question 37

What group of elements tends to lose electrons?

Answer 37

Metals

Question 38

What group of elements tends to gain electrons?

Answer 38

Nonmetals

Question 39

What charge is gained when electrons are lost?

Answer 39

Positive

Question 40

What charge is gained with electrons are gained?

Answer 40

Negative