Unit 2 Chapter 8 - Hydrosphere

Question 1

Abstraction

Answer 1

The removal of water from the location where it was found

Question 2

Aerobic

Answer 2

A process or organism that requires Oxygen

Question 3

Anaerobic

Answer 3

A process or organism that does not require Oxygen

Question 4

Anomalous Expansion

Answer 4

Unusual expansion applied to water which expands as it is cooled below 4? C

Question 5

Aquifer

Answer 5

Underground rock structure from which water is abstracted

Question 6

Catchment Area

Answer 6

The area of land that collects water, which will flow down to the lowest point, eg. a river, lake, aquifer or the sea

Question 7

Coliform Count

Answer 7

A measure of sewage pollution based on the presence of faecal bacterium E. coli

Question 8

Evaporation

Answer 8

Change of water from liquid to gas as Hydrogen bonds are broken.

Question 9

Groundwater

Answer 9

Water located beneath the ground surface in soil pore spaces and in the fractures of rock formations.

Question 10

Groundwater Flow

Answer 10

The movement of water through the pore spaces and fissures in permeable rocks

Question 11

Hydrogen Bond

Answer 11

The weak electrostatic bond formed between water molecules, which gives water a high boiling point

Question 12

Infiltration

Answer 12

The process by which surface water enters the ground between the particles of soil or rock

Question 13

Interception

Answer 13

Precipitation that does not reach the ground because it lands on vegetation

Question 14

Irrigation

Answer 14

Artificial watering of plants, especially crops

Question 15

Osmosis

Answer 15

The diffusion of water through a partially permeable membrane from an area of high water-potential to an area of low water-potential

Question 16

Osmotic dehydration

Answer 16

The loss of water, especially from crop roots, caused by the low water-potential of soils with a high salt content

Question 17

Pathogen

Answer 17

An organism that causes disease

Question 18

Percolation

Answer 18

The movement of water between the particles of soil or rock

Question 19

Permeability

Answer 19

A measure of the rate at which a fluid such as water can flow through rock

Question 20

Porosity

Answer 20

A measure of the percentage of the volume of a rock that is space

Question 21

Potable

Answer 21

Water that is suitable for drinking

Question 22

Precipitation

Answer 22

Condensation of atmospheric water vapour that reaches the Earth?s surface in any liquid or solid form

Question 23

Reservoir

Answer 23

General name for storage location of any material. Term also used for stored water by a dam.

Question 24

Residence time

Answer 24

Average length of time a molecule remains in a reservoir

Question 25

River Channel Discharge

Answer 25

The volume of water flowing past a particular point on a river and is a product of cross sectional area and mean water velocity

Question 26

Subsidence

Answer 26

The collapse of the ground surface caused by undermining or a reduction in aquifer rock volume following the over-abstraction of water.

Question 27

Throughflow

Answer 27

The sideways movement of water in the ground

Question 28

Topography

Answer 28

The 3D shape of the Landscape

Question 29

Transfer Rate

Answer 29

Volume of material moved from one reservoir to another

Question 30

Transpiration

Answer 30

The loss of water by evaporation from the stomata of leaves

Question 31

TSS/Total Suspended Solids

Answer 31

The total amount of organic and inorganic material suspended in a volume of water.