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Theory 2 > Unit 2 Ch 34 Lower GI disorders > Flashcards

Unit 2 Ch 34 Lower GI disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Lower G.I. system

A

Small intestine
Large intestine
Rectum
Anus

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2
Q

What does the small intestine do?

A

Absorbs nutrients

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3
Q

What does the large intestine do?

A

Absorbs water, and gathers undigested material

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4
Q

Appendicitis

A

Inflammation of the appendix
Pain in the right lower quadrant

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5
Q

Signs and symptoms of appendicitis

A

Fever, nausea, vomiting, anorexia pain in the right lower quadrant

McBurney point

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6
Q

Diagnostic test for appendicitis

A

Complete blood count
Checking for neutrophil being increased
Ultrasound or MRI

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7
Q

What is Rovig sign?

A

Where you put pressure on one side but you feel pain on the opposite side

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8
Q

Therapeutic interventions for appendicitis

A

NPO
Surgery

Complications could include an abscess

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9
Q

Diverticulitis

A

Inflammation and infection of the diverticulum

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10
Q

Diverticulosis

A

Multiple diverticula

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11
Q

Diverticulum

A

Outpouching of a bowel mucus membrane

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12
Q

Causes of diverticulosis and diverticulitis

A

Chronic constipation
Decrease intake of dietary fiber

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13
Q

Risk factors for diverticulosis and diverticulitis

A

Low fiber, and high animal fat diet
Obesity
Sedentary lifestyle
Smoking
Medication’s

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14
Q

Signs and symptoms of diverticulosis and diverticulitis

A

No symptoms
Constipation or diarrhea
Cramping
Bleeding
Abdominal tenderness

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15
Q

Diagnostic testing for diverticulosis and diverticulitis

A

Flexible, sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy
CT scan

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16
Q

Therapeutic interventions, for mild cases of diverticulosis and diverticulitis

A

Tylenol antibiotics liquid diet

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17
Q

Therapeutic interventions, for severe cases of diverticulosis and diverticulitis

A

Pain control
NPO
IV antibiotics
IV. Fluids and nutrients.
Surgery

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18
Q

Diverticulum

A

Singular

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19
Q

Diverticulosis

A

More than one

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20
Q

Other concerns of appendicitis

A

Rupture or perforation, where contents spill into cavity peritonitis

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21
Q

If the appendix ruptures

A

Symptoms will disappear and they cannot have surgery until infection is controlled

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22
Q

Medication for diverticulosis or diverticulitis

A

NSAID opioids steroids

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23
Q

Diverticulosis

A

Out pouches

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24
Q

Diverticulitis

A

Means it’s inflamed or infected

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25
Q

Crohn disease

A

Autoimmune inflammatory bowel disease
Involves any part of the intestine
Remissions and exacerbations
Causes unknown
Hereditary

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26
Q

Crohn’s disease, signs and symptoms

A

Abdominal pain or cramping
Weight loss
Diarrhea
Fluid and electrolyte imbalance

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27
Q

Crohn’s disease diagnostic testing

A

Laboratory testing
Endoscopy with biopsy
Ultrasound
CT
MRI

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28
Q

Therapeutic interventions for Crohn’s disease

A

Medication’s
5-aminosalicylates
Anti-diarrhea
Biologic response modifiers
Corticosteroids
Immunomodulators

Avoid offending foods
Surgery if necessary
Elemental formula or parental nutrition
Support and education

29
Q

Complications of Crohn’s disease

A

Malnutrition
Obstruct
Fissures
Abscess
Fistula
Perforation
Bleeding

30
Q

Ulcerative colitis

A

Inflammatory bowel disease
Affects large intestines and rectum
remissions and exacerbations occur
Exact cause unknown
Infection, allergy and autoimmune response possible

31
Q

Signs and symptoms of ulcerative colitis

A

Abdominal pain
5 to 10 liquid stools daily
Rectal bleeding
Fecal urgency
Anorexia
Weight loss
Cramping
Vomiting
Fever
Dehydration 

32
Q

Complications of ulcerative colitis

A

Hemorrhage
Toxic megacolon
Perforation
peritonitis
Osteoporosis
Increase risk of colorectal cancer

33
Q

Ulcerative, colitis diagnostic testing

A

CBC
Stool specimen
Electrolytes
Protein level
Colonoscopy with biopsy
Leukocyte scintigraphy 

34
Q

Ulcerative colitis therapeutic interventions

A

Avoid offending foods
Medications
5 aminosalicylates
Antidiarrheals
Biologic response modifiers corticosteroids
Immunomodulators

35
Q

Abdominal hernias

A

Protrusion of organ or structure through weakness, or tear in wall of abdomen

Weakness in abdominal wall with increased intra-abdominal pressure

36
Q

Types of abdominal hernias

A

Umbilical
Inguinal, direct, or indirect
Femoral

37
Q

Signs and symptoms of abdominal hernias

A

Could be no symptoms
Bulging

Complications would include strangulated, incarcerated, hernia this is a medical emergency

38
Q

Strangulated incarcerated hernia

A

Pain
Nausea and vomiting
Increased temperature

The strangulation is cutting off blood and oxygen perfusion

39
Q

Therapeutic interventions for abdominal hernias

A

None
Observation
Support devices binders
Surgery

40
Q

Teachings for abdominal hernias

A

Lifting
No coughing or lifting
Support devices
Lose weight
No smoking
High fiber

41
Q

Hemiorrhaphy

A

Surgery for abdominal hernias

42
Q

Hemioplasty

A

The use of mesh for a abdominal hernia surgery

43
Q

Education for abdominal hernias

A

No coughing or lifting
Signs of complications
Support garments
No smoking
High fiber
Deep breathing
Incentive spirometer

44
Q

Intestinal obstruction

A

Flow of intestinal contents is blocked
Partial or complete where everything stops
Mechanical blocking
Nonmechanical
Small intestine is more involved with flatus and gas

45
Q

A mechanical obstruction

A

Blockage occurs within the intestine
Bowel sounds are high-pitched, tingling
You will hear something

46
Q

Non-mechanical obstruction

A

Parastasis is impaired
Bowel sounds are absent
You will not hear anything

47
Q

Intussusception

A

The bowel Seeps and telescopes back

48
Q

Volvulus

A

Where the bowel is twisted

49
Q

Signs and symptoms of an intestinal obstruction

A

Abdominal pain
Blood and mucus rectum
Feces and flatus cease
Fecal vomiting may occur
Abdominal distention
Fluid and electrolyte imbalance

50
Q

What to do in a ball obstruction with abdominal distention

A

Use an NG tube to relieve pressure with low suction tube should be in the stomach

51
Q

When there is a intestinal obstruction and fluid and electrolyte and balances

A

Do labs
Check skin trigger
And do weights

52
Q

What should be the pH of the stomach with an NG tube?

53
Q

Diagnostic test for an intestinal obstruction

A

Abdominal x-ray
CT scan
CBC and electrolytes

54
Q

Intestinal obstruction therapeutic interventions

A

NPO
Oral care
NG tube
Fluid and electrolyte replacement
Medication
Antibiotics
Antiemetics
Analgesics
Surgery

55
Q

Antiemetics

A

Stop nausea and vomiting

56
Q

Ostomy

A

Surgically created, opening divert stool, or urine to outside the body

57
Q

Stoma

A

The portion of the bowel sutured into the abdomen

58
Q

Ileostomy

A

Small intestine

59
Q

Colonoscopy

A

Large intestine

60
Q

Ileostomy contents

A

Contain higher discharge that are liquid non-formed and constantly drain

61
Q

Colonoscopy contents

A

Semi solid or liquid depending on placement

62
Q

Ileostomy

A

Terminal ilium to abdomen wall after total cholectomy

63
Q

Types of ileostomies

A

Conventional
Small Soma in right lower quadrant
Continuous flow of liquid effluent
Continent, ileostomy, Kock pouch
Internal reservoir with nipple valve
Empty reservoir 3 to 4 times daily
Ilioanal, ileorectal anastomosis

64
Q

Ileana anastomosis

65
Q

Colostomy

A

Effluent, becomes less liquid and more solid, as location of ostomy, becomes more distal in colon

66
Q

End, stoma colostomy

A

Proximal bowel end brought to abdominal wall

67
Q

Loop stoma

A

Loop of bowel outside abdomen with bridge under it

68
Q

Double barrel stoma

A

Temporary ostomy
Both ends of colon outside abdominal wall from two stomas
Proximal stoma is functioning
Distal stoma is mucus fistula

Theory 2 (6 decks)

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