Unit 2 - Cells and Organelles 2

Question 1

Proteins are made…(where?)

Answer 1

Mainly at the ribosomes attached to the RER. These proteins are stored in the RER until they can be processed and packaged at the golgi apparatus. Some ribosomes are free in the cytoplasm and the proteins they produce also stay in the cytoplasm.

Question 2

In the RER proteins are..

Answer 2

folded and processed, being modified in ways such as having sugar chains added.

Question 3

Proteins are transported from the RER to the…

Answer 3

Golgi apparatus in vesicles.

Question 4

At the Golgi apparatus the proteins…

Answer 4

undergo further processing where sugar chains are trimmed or more are added.

Question 5

Proteins are transported in/out/around cells in…

Answer 5

vesicles.

Question 6

Proteins may be stored…(in which organelle?)

Answer 6

in the rough endoplasmic reticulum until they are needed by the Golgi apparatus

Question 7

Vacuole

Answer 7

Membrane lined sac in plant cells containing cell sap. Large permanent vacuoles as used to maintain turgor. The membrane of the vacuole is called the tonoplast. It is selectively permeable. if vacuoles appear in animal cells they are small and transient.

Question 8

Prokaryotic vs. eukaryotic - cell size

Answer 8

Prokaryotic - extremely small, less than 2 µm diameter

Eukaryotic - Larger Cells, 2-200 µm diameter

Question 9

Prokaryotic vs. eukaryotic - Nucleus & DNA

Answer 9

Prokaryotic - No nucleus, DNA free in cytoplasm, DNA is circular, organised by proteins folding and condensing DNA.

Eukaryotic - Nucleus Present, DNA inside nucleus in form of chromosomes, DNA is Linear. Organised by DNA molecules associating with histones to form chromatin, which is condensed to form chromosomes.

Question 10

Prokaryotic vs. eukaryotic - Extra chromosomal DNA

Answer 10

Prokaryotic - found in plasmids

Eukaryotic - found in chloroplasts and mitochondria

Question 11

Prokaryotic vs. eukaryotic - Organelles

Answer 11

Prokaryotic - non-membrane bound

Eukaryotic - both non-membrane bound and membrane bound

Question 12

Prokaryotic vs. eukaryotic - Cell wall

Answer 12

Prokaryotic - peptidoglycan

Eukaryotic - chitin in fungi, cellulose in plants

Question 13

Prokaryotic vs. eukaryotic - Ribosomes

Answer 13

Prokaryotic - smaller, 70S

Eukaryotic - larger, 80S

Question 14

Prokaryotic vs. eukaryotic - Reproduction

Answer 14

Prokaryotic - binary fission

Eukaryotic - asexual or sexual

Question 15

Prokaryotic vs. eukaryotic - Cell type

Answer 15

Prokaryotic - unicellular

Eukaryotic - unicellular or multicellular

Question 16

Prokaryotic vs. eukaryotic - Cell membrane

Answer 16

Present in both